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  • 重庆市2026届高中学业水平模拟调研卷(一)生物试题(共10页)

    重庆市2026届高中学业水平模拟调研卷(一)生物试题(共10页)

    本次为大家整理的是重庆市2026届高中学业水平模拟调研卷(一)生物试题+答案(共10页),高清完整版PDF下载。这套试卷贴合2026届新高考生物命题方向,覆盖高中生物核心考点,适合高三同学一轮复习刷题自测、查漏补缺,也可供高中生物老师作为复习备课资料使用。
    试题预览:

    一、选择题:本大题共 15 小题,每小题 3 分,共 45 分。在每小题给出的四个选项中,只有一项符合题目要求。

    1. 豆制品是广受推崇的健康食品,其富含的植物蛋白在人体内发挥着重要作用。下列有关豆制品中主要元素和化合物的叙述,正确的是

      A. 大豆蛋白的氮元素主要存在于氨基中,可通过检测含氮量估算其粗蛋白含量

      B. 大豆细胞中含量最多的有机化合物是淀粉,其基本组成单位是葡萄糖

      C. 经高温处理的大豆蛋白肽键断裂形成小分子多肽,利于人体消化吸收

      D. 大豆细胞膜的磷脂分子由甘油、脂肪酸和磷酸等组成,含有元素 C、H、O、P,甚至 N

    2. 细胞核的外层核膜与内质网相连,内层核膜则与核纤层(主要由核纤层蛋白构成)相连。核纤层可以维持细胞核的形态和结构稳定,还可以参与 DNA 复制、基因表达的调控以及细胞分裂过程。下列叙述错误的是

      A. 内质网可将构成染色体的组蛋白直接运输至细胞核

      B. 核膜发生内折,可能与核纤层蛋白的功能受损有关

      C. 细胞骨架和核纤层在细胞分裂过程中均发挥重要作用

      D. 参与基因表达调控的蛋白质不一定具有催化功能

    3. 当植物吸收的光能过多时,过剩的光能会对光反应阶段的 PSⅡ 复合体(PSⅡ)造成损伤,使 PSⅡ 活性降低,进而导致光合作用强度减弱。细胞可通过非光化学淬灭(NPQ)将过剩的光能耗散,减少多余光能对 PSⅡ 的损伤。已知拟南芥的 H 蛋白有 2 个功能:①修复损伤的 PSⅡ;②参与 NPQ 的调节。科研人员以拟南芥的野生型和 H 基因缺失突变体为材料进行了相关实验,结果如图所示。实验中强光照射时对野生型和突变体光照的强度相同,且强光对二者的 PSⅡ 均造成了损伤。下列相关分析错误的是

      A. 突变体仅通过 NPQ 途径降低类囊体膜上光能转化效率减少 PSⅡ 损伤

      B. 根据实验结果可以比较出强光照射下突变体比野生型的 PSⅡ 活性强

      C. 据图分析,强光照射下,与野生型相比突变体中流向光合作用的能量少

      D. PSⅡ 修复循环可能涉及损伤蛋白的水解和新 PSⅡ 的合成

    4. 解偶联剂能使有氧呼吸电子传递链产生的能量不用于 ADP 的磷酸化形成 ATP,而只能以热能的形式散发,即解除了氧化和磷酸化的偶联作用,如图为细胞呼吸电子传递链示意图。以下叙述错误的是

      A. 图示过程为有氧呼吸第三阶段,NADH 全部来自细胞质基质

      B. 呼吸抑制剂抑制电子传递,导致磷酸化过程也受到抑制

      C. 寒冷环境下,人体棕色脂肪组织的解偶联蛋白活性增强,可通过增加产热维持体温稳定

      D. 线粒体内膜若因损伤导致对 H⁺通透性升高,会破坏 H⁺跨膜梯度,影响氧化与磷酸化的偶联

    5. 研究发现,去乙酰化酶(SIRT6)可通过促进组蛋白乙酰化,调控凋亡相关蛋白 DR5 的表达,而 DR5 需与特定信号分子 TRAIL 结合后,才能启动肝细胞的凋亡信号通路,清除受损肝细胞以维持肝脏稳态。下列关于该过程的叙述,正确的是

      A. 若抑制 SIRT6 的活性,组蛋白乙酰化过程增强,DR5 的表达量会随之升高

      B. 受损肝细胞中 DR5 的表达量可能高于正常肝细胞,以利于其被凋亡信号启动清除

      C. TRAIL 与 DR5 的结合发生在肝细胞内,结合后直接导致肝细胞的细胞核破裂、细胞凋亡

      D. 若通过技术手段阻断 DR5 基因的转录,受损肝细胞仍可通过 TRAIL 启动凋亡,维持肝脏稳态

    6. 在细胞生长和分裂的活跃期,线粒体通过中间分裂产生两个子线粒体,中间分裂前后的线粒体生理状态并没有太大的差异(图 1)。当细胞处于逆境胁迫下,线粒体内的 Ca²⁺和活性氧自由基(ROS)增加,通过外周分裂产生大小不一的子线粒体(图 2),其中较小的子线粒体不包含复制型 DNA(mtDNA),最终被自噬体吞噬,而较大的子线粒体得以保全。图中 DRP1 是一种参与线粒体分裂调控的关键蛋白。下列表述错误的是

      A. 适度的肌肉训练可促使其线粒体发生中间分裂

      B. 若 DRP1 蛋白功能丧失,线粒体的两种分裂方式都可能无法正常进行

      C. 外周分裂产生较小的子线粒体经自噬体吞噬后的产物会全部排出细胞外

      D. 线粒体中的 mtDNA 的基因表达时可边转录边翻译

    7. 减数分裂同源染色体联会配对后,要完成部分 DNA 片段的复制,这些 DNA 片段叫做 P-DNA,如下图所示。P-DNA 上的基因编码多种酶,这些酶负责执行同源染色体非姐妹染色单体的片段交换。据此分析,下列叙述错误的是

      A. 减数分裂 Ⅰ 前期联会配对时细胞染色体与核 DNA 的数量比为 1:1~1:2 之间

      B. 若抑制 P-DNA 的复制,减数分裂时细胞不能进行同源染色体的联会

      C. 若 P-DNA 上的基因表达受抑制,产生变异配子的比例下降

      D. P-DNA 上的基因编码的酶可以催化脱氧核苷酸之间的磷酸二酯键的断裂和形成

  • 高考必会构词法|后缀(释义版)

    一、名词后缀

    -ar / -er / -or 做……的人

    1. beggar 乞丐

    2. liar 说谎者

    3. keeper 饲养员;保管人;看守人

    4. settler 定居者;移民

    5. trainer 训练员;教练

    6. conductor 售票员;指挥;导体

    7. director 导演;主管;负责人

    -er / -or ……的物;用于做……的物

    8. best‑seller 畅销书;畅销品

    9. cooker 炊具;炉灶

    10. drawer 抽屉

    11. reminder 提醒物;提示

    12. calculator 计算器

    13. processor 处理器;加工机

    -ee (动作的)受动者

    14. employee 雇员;员工

    15. examinee 考生;应试者

    16. interviewee 被采访者;面试者

    17. payee 收款人

    18. trainee 实习生;受训者

    -ess 女性;雌性

    19. actress 女演员

    20. headmistress 女校长

    21. hostess 女主人;女主持人

    22. lioness 母狮

    23. waitress 女服务员

    -ist ……专业人员/专家;……主义者

    24. pianist 钢琴家

    25. artist 艺术家;画家

    26. socialist 社会主义者

    27. specialist 专家;专科医生

    28. tourist 游客;旅行者

    -(i)an ……地方的人;精通……的人

    29. American 美国人

    30. Australian 澳大利亚人

    31. Canadian 加拿大人

    32. Egyptian 埃及人

    33. Indian 印度人

    34. musician 音乐家;乐手

    -ant / -ent 做……的人

    35. assistant 助手;助理

    36. consultant 顾问;咨询员

    37. servant 仆人;佣人

    38. president 总统;董事长;校长

    -ity / -ty / -y ……的状态;……的事物

    39. nationality 国籍;民族

    40. necessity 必需品;必要性

    41. similarity 相似;类似

    42. safety 安全;平安

    43. discovery 发现;发觉

    -ance / -ence ……的动作/状态/性质

    44. guidance 指导;引导

    45. significance 重要性;意义

    46. existence 存在;生存

    47. presence 出席;在场;存在

    -sion / -tion ……的行为/状态/结果

    48. decision 决定;抉择

    49. impression 印象;感想

    50. acquisition 获得;习得

    51. concentration 专注;浓度

    52. donation 捐赠;捐款

    -age ……的状态/总称/费用/数量

    53. marriage 婚姻;结婚

    54. package 包裹;一包

    55. percentage 百分比;百分率

    56. postage 邮费;邮资

    57. storage 储存;储藏

    -th ……的状态;……的动作

    58. growth 成长;生长;增长

    59. length 长度

    60. strength 力量;力气;优点

    61. warmth 温暖;热情

    -dom ……的状态;……的领域

    62. boredom 无聊;厌倦

    63. freedom 自由

    64. kingdom 王国;领域

    65. wisdom 智慧;才智

    -ful 充满……的量

    66. armful 一抱(的量)

    67. handful 一把;少量

    68. mouthful 一口;满口

    -ment ……的动作;……的结果

    69. argument 争论;辩论;论据

    70. commitment 承诺;奉献;投入

    71. embarrassment 尴尬;窘迫

    72. improvement 改善;改进

    -ure / -ture / -ature ……的行为;……的结果

    73. exposure 暴露;曝光

    74. failure 失败;故障

    75. mixture 混合物

    76. signature 签名;署名

    -ing ……的动作/过程/事件/结果

    77. accounting 会计;记账

    78. beginning 开始;开端

    79. building 建筑物;楼房

    80. understanding 理解;谅解

    81. warning 警告;警示

    -al ……的动作;……的过程

    82. arrival 到达;抵达

    83. proposal 提议;建议

    84. survival 生存;幸存

    -cy ……的性质;……的状态

    85. accuracy 准确性;精确度

    86. fluency 流利;流畅

    87. frequency 频率;次数

    88. privacy 隐私;私密

    -ship 性质;身份;技能

    89. hardship 艰难;困苦

    90. leadership 领导能力;领导层

    91. membership 会员身份;会员费

    92. ownership 所有权;拥有

    93. partnership 伙伴关系;合作

    94. scholarship 奖学金;学识

    -ness ……的状态

    95. awareness 意识;认识

    96. coldness 寒冷;冷淡

    97. weakness 虚弱;弱点

    -hood ……时期/身份/状态性质

    98. brotherhood 兄弟情谊;兄弟关系

    99. childhood 童年;孩童时期

    100. neighbourhood 街区;邻近地区

    二、形容词后缀

    -able / -ible 可以……的;值得……的;具有……性质的

    101. available 可获得的;有空的

    102. portable 便携的;手提的

    103. reliable 可靠的;可信赖的

    104. remarkable 显著的;非凡的

    105. suitable 合适的;适宜的

    106. flexible 灵活的;柔韧的

    107. visible 可见的;看得见的

    -ive 有……倾向的;有……性质的

    108. alternative 可供替代的

    109. collective 集体的;共同的

    110. imaginative 富有想象力的

    111. informative 增长见闻的;信息量大的

    112. massive 大量的;巨大的

    113. progressive 进步的;逐步的

    -al / -ial 与……有关的;有……特性的

    114. exceptional 杰出的;例外的

    115. universal 普遍的;全体的

    116. beneficial 有益的;有利的

    117. industrial 工业的;产业的

    -ate 充满……的;有……特点的

    118. accurate 准确的;精确的

    119. considerate 体贴的;考虑周到的

    120. fortunate 幸运的;吉利的

    -ful 充满……的;有……性质的

    121. awful 糟糕的;可怕的

    122. faithful 忠实的;忠诚的

    123. merciful 仁慈的;宽容的

    124. powerful 强大的;有力的

    125. skil(l)ful 熟练的;灵巧的

    126. thoughtful 体贴的;深思的

    127. wonderful 极好的;绝妙的

    -ous 具有……的;有……特性的

    128. adventurous 爱冒险的;大胆的

    129. continuous 连续的;持续的

    130. disastrous 灾难性的;极糟糕的

    131. harmonious 和谐的;融洽的

    132. mountainous 多山的

    133. spacious 宽敞的

    134. various 各种各样的

    -ly 像……的;具有……性质的;定期发生的

    135. costly 昂贵的;代价高的

    136. daily 每日的;日常的

    137. deadly 致命的;极度的

    138. lively 活泼的;生动的

    139. lonely 孤独的;偏僻的

    140. monthly 每月的

    141. motherly 母亲般的;慈母的

    142. timely 及时的;适时的

    -ant / -ent 有……性质的

    143. brilliant 杰出的;灿烂的

    144. apparent 明显的;表面的

    145. excellent 极好的;优秀的

    146. fluent 流利的;流畅的

    -y 充满……的;有……特质/倾向的

    147. dusty 布满灰尘的

    148. guilty 有罪的;内疚的

    149. handy 方便的;手边的

    150. hilly 多山的;丘陵起伏的

    151. messy 凌乱的;脏乱的

    152. worthy 值得的;有价值的

    -ish 某地方的;属于某类人的;有点,颇;贬义

    153. childish 幼稚的;孩子气的

    154. English 英国的;英语的

    155. foolish 愚蠢的;傻的

    156. selfish 自私的

    157. yellowish 微黄的;发黄的

    -like 像……似的;有……特征的

    158. childlike 天真烂漫的;孩子般的

    159. ladylike 淑女的;端庄的

    -ical 与……有关的

    160. chemical 化学的

    161. historical 历史的;历史上的

    162. musical 音乐的;悦耳的

    163. physical 身体的;物理的

    -ic ……的

    164. artistic 艺术的;有艺术天赋的

    165. dynamic 充满活力的;动态的

    166. energetic 精力充沛的

    167. heroic 英雄的;英勇的

    168. specific 具体的;明确的

    169. sympathetic 同情的;赞同的

    -ary / -ory 与……有关的

    170. imaginary 想象的;虚构的

    171. revolutionary 革命的;革命性的

    172. contradictory 矛盾的;对立的

    173. explanatory 解释性的;说明的

    -some 引起……的

    174. awesome 令人惊叹的;极好的

    175. tiresome 令人厌烦的;累人的

    176. troublesome 麻烦的;令人苦恼的

    -less 无……的;不……;不会……的

    177. breathless 气喘吁吁的;屏息的

    178. countless 无数的;数不尽的

    179. effortless 毫不费力的

    180. homeless 无家可归的

    181. selfless 无私的;忘我的

    182. tireless 不知疲倦的

    183. useless 无用的;无效的

    184. worthless 无价值的;不值钱的

    -proof 耐……的;防……的;抗……的

    185. childproof 儿童安全的;防儿童开启的

    186. waterproof 防水的

    分词形容词

    表感受/看法(‑ed 感到……;‑ing 令人……)

    187. disappointed 感到失望的

    188. disappointing 令人失望的

    189. shocked 感到震惊的

    190. shocking 令人震惊的

    191. terrified 感到恐惧的

    192. terrifying 令人恐惧的

    表完成/进行

    193. aged 年老的;……岁的

    194. ageing 衰老的;老化的(美式:aging)

    195. boiled 煮沸的;煮熟的

    196. boiling 沸腾的;炽热的

    197. developed 发达的;成熟的

    198. developing 发展中的

    表被动/主动

    199. broken 破碎的;坏掉的

    200. limited 有限的

    201. respected 受尊敬的

    202. existing 现存的;现有的

    203. increasing 不断增加的

    204. rewarding 有益的;值得做的

    205. willing 愿意的;乐意的

    三、动词后缀

    -ate 使具有某种性质

    206. activate 激活;使活动

    207. circulate 循环;传播

    208. complicate 使复杂化

    209. concentrate 集中;专注

    -(e)n 使具有某种特性

    210. deepen 加深;深化

    211. fasten 系紧;固定

    212. harden 变硬;强化

    213. lengthen 延长;加长

    214. loosen 松开;放松

    215. quicken 加快;加速

    216. ripen 成熟

    217. sharpen 削尖;使锋利

    218. shorten 缩短;减少

    -(i)fy 使得;使……变成;使充满(感情)

    219. clarify 澄清;阐明

    220. classify 分类;归类

    221. justify 证明正当;辩解

    222. purify 净化;提纯

    223. simplify 简化;使简易

    224. terrify 使恐惧;惊吓

    -ise / -ize 使;使……化;以……方式

    225. globalise 全球化

    226. internationalise 国际化

    227. memorise 记住;熟记

    228. modernise 现代化

    230. specialise 专攻;专门研究

    四、副词后缀

    -ly 以……方式;……地

    231. absolutely 绝对地;完全地

    232. awfully 非常;极其;糟糕地

    233. badly 严重地;差;非常

    234. completely 完全地;彻底地

    235. curiously 好奇地;奇特地

    236. currently 目前;现在

    237. deeply 深深地;强烈地

    238. directly 直接地;立刻

    239. effectively 有效地;实际上

    240. entirely 完全地;全部地

    241. exactly 确切地;正是

    242. extremely 极其;非常

    243. fairly 相当地;公平地

    244. largely 主要地;很大程度上

    245. mainly 主要地;大体上

    246. mostly 大部分;通常

    247. necessarily 必然;必要地

    248. particularly 尤其;特别

    249. precisely 精确地;恰好

    250. purposely 故意地;特意地

    251. roughly 粗略地;大约

    252. seriously 严肃地;严重地

    253. slightly 稍微;略微

    254. specially 专门地;特别地

    255. strongly 强烈地;坚定地

    256. terribly 非常;糟糕地

    257. totally 完全地;总共

    句子副词(修饰整句,表逻辑/态度)

    258. actually 实际上;事实上

    259. additionally 此外;另外

    260. briefly 简短地;暂时地

    261. equally 同样地;平等地

    262. especially 尤其;特别

    263. fortunately 幸运地

    264. generally 通常;普遍地

    265. hopefully 但愿;抱有希望地

    266. interestingly 有趣的是

    267. naturally 自然地;天生地

    268. normally 正常地;通常

    269. originally 起初;原先

    270. reportedly 据报道

    271. specifically 具体来说;专门地

    272. suddenly 突然

    273. ultimately 最终;根本上

    -ward(s) 向,朝

    274. afterward(s) 后来;以后

    275. backward(s) 向后;朝后

    276. outward(s) 向外;朝外

    277. upward(s) 向上;朝上

    278. westward(s) 向西

     

  • 学好文言 |《史记》里的常考10个实词,读透轻松拿高分

    高考文言文阅读,实词释义是绕不开的“拦路虎”。不少同学拿到一篇陌生的文言文,六个实词解释能错一半。

    其实,历年高考选材有个公开的秘密:命题人特别喜欢从《史记》里找材料。不仅直接选用《史记》篇章,即使是其他史传类文章,其用词、句式也深受《史记》影响。

    换句话说,读透了《史记》,就等于抓住了文言实词的“基本盘”。

    今天,我就从《读史记,学好文言文》这本书里,精选出10个高频实词,结合《史记》原句,带你看看它们在不同语境下的真实用法。


    一、“伐”——夸耀?讨伐?还是功劳?

    很多人一看到“伐”,第一反应就是“攻打、讨伐”。但在《史记》里,它还有一个更让考生头疼的意思——夸耀。

    例句(《史记·屈原列传》):

    每一令出,平伐其功,以为“非我莫能为也”。

    这句话说的是上官大夫在楚怀王面前说屈原的坏话:每一道法令颁布后,屈原总是夸耀自己的功劳,认为“除了我谁也做不出来”。

    这里的“伐”就是“夸耀、自夸”。类似用法还有“自伐者无功”(自我夸耀的人没有功劳)。

    考试提示:
    “伐”在文言文中主要有三个义项:①攻打;②夸耀;③功劳(如“伐功”)。前两个最常考,要重点区分。


    二、“属”——连缀?嘱托?还是写作?

    “属”是个多面手,读音不同,意思也天差地别。

    例句1(《史记·屈原列传》):

    怀王使屈原造为宪令,屈平属草稿未定。

    这里的“属”读zhǔ,意思是写作、撰写。屈原起草法令,草稿还没定。

    例句2(《史记·贾生列传》):

    以能诵诗属书闻于郡中。

    贾谊十八岁时,因为能背诵《诗经》、连缀文字写文章而在郡中闻名。这里的“属”是“连缀、撰写”的意思,和上一句接近。

    例句3(《史记·屈原贾生列传》,出自书稿注释):

    属予作文以记之。

    这是《岳阳楼记》里的句子,“属”通“嘱”,意思是嘱托、托付。虽然这不是《史记》原文,但书稿中用来对比说明“属”的不同含义,很经典。

    考试提示:
    “属”的常见义项:①类、辈(“有良田美池桑竹之属”);②连缀、写文章;③通“嘱”,托付;④跟随。遇到时要根据上下文快速判断。


    三、“当”——抵得上?面对?还是应当?

    “当”在高考中出现频率极高,义项丰富。

    例句1(《史记·屈原列传》):

    以一仪而当汉中地。

    张仪说,用我张仪一个人就能抵得上整个汉中之地。这里的“当”是“相当、抵得上”。

    例句2(同篇,书稿中引用《报任安书》):

    所杀过当。

    这是司马迁《报任安书》里的句子,说李陵率领的步卒杀死敌人的数量超过了自身的人数。“过当”就是超过了相应的数目。

    例句3(《史记·项羽本纪》,书稿刘邦数项羽罪状):

    淮阴侯将三十万自当之。

    韩信率领三十万大军抵挡、迎战楚军。这里的“当”是“抵挡、面对”。

    考试提示:
    “当”最常见的三个义项:①抵挡;②应当;③抵得上、相当。另外还有“在(某时某地)”的用法(如“当是时”)。


    四、“如”——去往?比得上?还是如果?

    “如”看似简单,但“去往”这个义项很多同学会忽略。

    例句1(《史记·屈原列传》):

    臣请往如楚。

    张仪说,请让我去到楚国。这里的“如”就是“去、往”。同篇还有“使使如秦受地”——派使者前往秦国接受土地。

    例句2(《史记·项羽本纪》):

    沛公起如厕。

    这是《鸿门宴》里的名句——刘邦起身去上厕所。同样是用“如”表示“去往”。

    例句3(《史记·屈原列传》):

    不如毋行。

    这是屈原劝楚怀王不要入秦的话:不如不去。这里的“如”是“比得上”,常用于否定句“不如”。

    考试提示:
    “如”的主要义项:①往、到……去;②比得上(多用于否定);③如果;④像、如同。其中“往”这个义项最容易忽略。


    五、“疾”——妒忌?快速?还是疾病?

    “疾”从字形看是“病”,但在《史记》里,它常常表示“妒忌”和“快速”。

    例句1(《史记·孙子吴起列传》):

    庞涓恐其贤于己,疾之。

    庞涓害怕孙膑的才能超过自己,妒忌他。这里的“疾”就是“妒忌”。

    例句2(同篇):

    君不若引兵疾走大梁。

    孙膑建议田忌:您不如率领军队快速奔赴魏国国都大梁。这里的“疾”是“快、急速”。

    例句3(《史记·屈原列传》):

    屈平既疾之。

    屈原痛恨子兰。这里的“疾”是“恨、憎恶”,与“妒忌”接近但程度更深。

    考试提示:
    “疾”的常见义项:①疾病;②痛苦;③痛恨、妒忌;④快速。其中“快速”和“妒忌”是考查重点。


    六、“短”——长短?还是诋毁?

    这个字很容易被忽略。“短”除了表示长度,还可以作动词,意思是说坏话、诋毁。

    例句(《史记·屈原列传》):

    卒使上官大夫短屈原于顷襄王。

    上官大夫最终在顷襄王面前诋毁屈原。“短”在这里是动词,意思是“指出别人的短处、说坏话”。

    同类例子(《史记·贾生列传》):

    绛、灌、东阳侯、冯敬之属尽害之,乃短贾生曰……

    周勃、灌婴等人嫉恨贾谊,于是诋毁他说……同样的用法。

    考试提示:
    “短”作动词“诋毁”是高频考点,记住一个例句就能举一反三。

    七、“说”——说话?还是“悦”?

    “说”在文言文中经常通“悦”,表示“高兴、喜爱”。这个知识点几乎每年都考。

    例句(《史记·司马相如列传》):

    相如见而说之。

    司马相如见到邹阳、枚乘等人,就喜欢上他们了。这里的“说”通“悦”,动词,喜欢。

    书稿中还提到《史记·滑稽列传》中的例子:

    人主未尝不说也。

    汉武帝每次听东方朔说话,没有不高兴的。

    考试提示:
    “说”读yuè时,一般通“悦”;读shuì时,是“劝说”;读shuō时,才是“说话”。三者要区分清楚。


    八、“卒”——士兵?最终?还是突然?

    “卒”也是一个高频多义词,尤其要注意“最终”和“突然”这两个义项。

    例句1(《史记·屈原列传》):

    怀王卒行。

    楚怀王最终还是去了。这里的“卒”是“最终、终究”。

    例句2(《史记·李将军列传》,书稿中有引用但不在这段原文):

    卒然相睹。

    “卒然”就是“突然”,通“猝”。这个用法在《史记》中也很常见。

    例句3(书稿《伯夷列传》中“及饿且死,作歌”的前后语境):
    虽然没有直接出现“卒”表“士兵”的例子,但书中《项羽本纪》选段有“楚兵冠诸侯”——这里的“兵”就是士兵。“卒”作“士兵”也是基本义。

    考试提示:
    “卒”的四个主要义项:①士兵;②最终;③通“猝”,突然;④死亡(“卒年”)。前两个最常考。


    九、“恨”——遗憾(不是“仇恨”)

    现代汉语中“恨”是“仇恨”,但文言文里“恨”通常是遗憾、不满意。这个古今差异一定要记住。

    例句(《史记·商君列传》,书稿选文):

    寡人恨不用公叔痤之言也。

    魏惠王说:我遗憾当初没有采纳公叔痤的建议。这里的“恨”不是仇恨,而是“后悔、遗憾”。

    同类例子(《史记·淮阴侯列传》):

    信言恨不用蒯通计。

    韩信临死前说遗憾没有采纳蒯通的计策。

    考试提示:
    “恨”在文言文中绝大多数情况是“遗憾”,只有极少数晚近文献中才表“仇恨”。翻译时千万别望文生义。


    十、“谢”——道歉?拒绝?还是辞别?

    “谢”的义项多且杂,是高考实词题里的“常客”。

    例句1(《史记·项羽本纪》):

    旦日不可不蚤自来谢项王。

    第二天不能不早点亲自来向项王道歉。

    例句2(《史记·司马相如列传》):

    长卿谢病不能往。

    司马相如推说自己有病不能去。“谢病”即“托病推辞”。

    例句3(《史记·魏公子列传》):

    侯生遂谢客。

    侯生于是辞别了客人。

    考试提示:
    “谢”的主要义项:①道歉、谢罪;②推辞、拒绝;③辞别、离开;④感激(“多谢后世人”)。考试中“道歉”和“推辞”出现频率最高。


    写在最后

    以上10个实词,只是《史记》高频词汇中的一小部分。如果把它们一个个背下来,既枯燥又容易忘。更好的方法是在具体的篇目中反复接触、反复理解。

    《读史记,学好文言文》这本书有一个很大的好处:它在每篇选文后都设置了“必备知识”模块,把实词、虚词、通假字、词类活用、特殊句式全部梳理成表格。每一张表格都是从《史记》原句中提炼出来的,看得见、摸得着、可验证。

    比如“伐”表“夸耀”,书中直接给出《屈原列传》的原文“平伐其功”;“短”表“诋毁”,给出“短屈原于顷襄王”。这样学实词,不是死记硬背,而是在真实的语境中建立语感。

    如果你正在备战高考,或者想给自己的孩子找一本实用的文言读本,这本书值得放在案头。

    下一期,我们来讲讲《史记》里的虚词“之”“而”“以”——它们才是文言文翻译的“隐形杀手”。

     

  • 高考冲刺 | 最后十几天,这种阅读题还在丢分?如何再抢6分?这份补漏指南考前多看

     

    最后十几天,这种阅读题还在丢分?

    如何再抢6分?这份补漏指南考前多看

     

    最后十天,文学类文本阅读还能从“意蕴题”上抢回多少分?

     

    距离高考已不足两周。语文复习到了这个阶段,最忌讳的事情就是“跟着感觉走”——一套接一套地刷卷子,会的题反复练,不会的题依然不会。不少高三备课组在冲刺阶段的共识是:最后阶段提分的关键,不是盲目刷新题,而是复盘旧题,查漏补缺。

     

    可语文的“漏”到底在哪里?怎么查?怎么补?

     

    如果你也在困惑这个问题,不妨把目光聚焦到一个高频失分点上:文学类文本阅读的“意蕴分析”主观题。而在这个题型中,近年来异军突起的一类文本——科幻小说,更是许多考生的“隐形扣分区”。

     

    为什么“意蕴题”值得最后十天重点关注?

    回看近六年的高考语文试卷,意蕴探究题一直是文学类文本阅读中压轴出场的高频题型,分值通常在4到6分,且呈现越来越灵活的态势。所谓“意蕴”,就是藏在文本深处的思想感情、人文内涵、审美价值——它不是作者直接写出来的,而是需要读者从字缝里读出来的。

     

    这个题型正处于一个“变”与“不变”的交汇点上,这正是查漏补缺最容易见效的地方。

     

    不变的是: 命题考查的核心始终围绕“不同角度和层面发掘作品的意蕴、民族心理和人文精神”,以及探讨创作背景与意图。

     

    变的是: 命题方式正在全面打破套路化倾向,转而采用“因文设题”“以材设题”的方式,题目都是新鲜的、具体的、随文本而生的。过去那种背答题模板就能拿分的时代,已经过去了。

     

    而科幻小说恰恰是这种“因文设题”的典型代表——它既有传统小说的文学要素,又有独特的“科学性”与“科幻性”维度。如果按照普通小说的分析方法去答题,很容易漏掉关键的采分点。

     

    科幻小说的“意蕴题”为什么容易丢分?

    很多同学读科幻小说,感觉很有意思:未来世界、人工智能、星际旅行、虚拟现实……故事看懂了,情感也感受到了。可是一到做题,问“科幻性与现实性的关系”,就懵了——什么是科幻性?什么是现实性?它们之间有什么关系?

     

    这就是科幻小说阅读的核心考点,也是多数考生的共同漏洞。

     

    简单来说:

     

    科幻性指作品超越现实的科技、时空、文明设定,是“虚构的壳”;

     

    现实性指作品扎根于当下的人性本质、社会矛盾、时代困境,是“真实的核”。

     

    两者的关系不是对立的,而是层层递进的:

     

    本源关系:所有科幻设定都源于现实问题——比如对人工智能的焦虑催生了“人机对立”的想象,对亲情的遗憾催生了“虚拟现实陪伴”的设想。

     

    表达关系:科幻用“陌生化”的场景把现实矛盾放大、提纯,让读者跳出现实习以为常的视角,更清醒地看到问题本质。

     

    约束关系:科幻再天马行空,人物的情感逻辑、行为动机必须符合现实人性,否则就会“逻辑崩坏”。

     

    成就关系:现实性让科幻“有温度”,科幻性让现实思考“有延伸”,二者共同提升作品的思想深度。

     

    如果你在答题时只答出了“本文写了未来世界,表达了母爱的伟大”,却没说清楚“科幻设定如何服务于主题”“虚拟现实与真实亲情的对比揭示了什么”,那么这道意蕴题很可能只能拿到一半的分数。

     

    科幻小说的“查漏补缺”怎么做?

    最后十天,不必从头读一堆科幻作品。你只需要把手边做过的模考卷中科幻类阅读题集中起来,做三件事:

     

    一、复盘“两组关系”的答题逻辑

    找一篇典型的科幻小说阅读题(比如关于虚拟现实、人工智能、星际探索等主题的),重点看它的主观题答案。你会发现,高分答案几乎都会涉及以下维度:

     

    科幻设定与主题的关系:这个未来场景对应了现实中的什么问题?

     

    科学逻辑与情感逻辑的关系:科幻设定是否自洽?它是否服务于人物情感和主题表达?

     

    虚构与真实的对比效果:结局是否有反转?反转如何深化主题?

     

    把这几个维度写在便签上,贴在你的书桌前。每次遇到科幻类阅读,先在草稿纸上列出这些角度,再组织答案。

     

    二、关注“伏笔与反转”的意蕴作用

    很多科幻小说会采用“结尾反转”的手法——比如主角在虚拟现实中陪伴已故亲人,最后场景崩塌,揭示这一切只是服务。这种反转不是单纯为了“出乎意料”,而是有深刻的意蕴表达:

     

    前文的伏笔(如母亲神情淡漠、申请特别服务)让反转“在情理之中”;

     

    反转本身打破了虚幻的温暖,强化了“珍惜真实陪伴”的主题;

     

    读者在反转中受到的情感冲击,恰恰是小说意蕴最浓烈的地方。

     

    复盘你做过的科幻阅读题,凡是考“结尾作用”“反转效果”的,都要特别留意答案中关于“主题深化”和“情感冲击”的表述。

     

    三、从教材中借一双“分析的眼睛”

    教材中其实也有科幻或带有科幻色彩的篇目(比如《海底两万里》节选、一些科普文等)。学习这些课文时,老师通常会强调“科学精神”与“人文关怀”的结合。这个分析框架,完全可以迁移到考场上的科幻小说阅读中。不要把它当作孤立的“新题型”,它只是在你已有的分析能力上增加了一组“科幻专属”的观察维度。

     

    其他文体意蕴题的通用补漏策略

    当然,科幻小说只是意蕴题的一种载体。对于其他文体(传统小说、散文等),查漏补缺的核心逻辑是相通的。

     

    清单1:以“真题”为镜鉴,精准锁定薄弱环节

     

    把近三年你做过的模考题中的意蕴分析题集中拿出来,对照标准答案,做一次“自我诊断”。不用看全卷,就专门看这类题——你做对了哪些?丢了哪些分?丢分是因为没读懂文本,还是分析角度偏了,还是语言表达不规范?把原因归类,你就知道最后十天该往哪个方向发力了。

     

    清单2:建立“多维分析法”,打破单一角

     

    尝试用“内容—结构—主题—读者”的四维模型来拆解文本:这个细节写了什么内容?它在结构上起什么作用?它如何服务于主题表达?它给读者带来怎样的感受或思考?对于科幻小说,还要额外加上“科幻设定与现实映射”这一维度。遇到任何一道意蕴题,先在草稿纸上快速列一遍这些维度,答案自然就会变得丰满。

     

    清单3:回归教材,用好“迁移”这把钥匙

     

    高考语文命题坚持“教考衔接”,与教材深度关联。把重点放在教材中精读过的小说和散文上——比如《祝福》《边城》《荷花淀》,也包括带有思辨色彩的科普或科幻类选文。思考一个问题:如果教材篇目中某一处细节描写、某一种特殊文体(如科幻)出现在高考考卷上,你会从哪些角度分析它的意蕴?把分析工具“带”出教材,到了考场上面对陌生文本时,你就有了现成的思考路径。

     

    清单4:最后三天,精准“保温”

     

    考前三五天,不要再做大量新题。每天用15到20分钟做一件事:把近几次模考中的错题本翻出来,只看文学类文本的意蕴题(特别关注你之前答错的科幻类题目),快速回忆这道题的关键思路,对照标准答案,检查自己的思维盲区。这种“过电影式”的复盘,比刷三套新卷子都有效。

     

    新高考语文命题正在经历一场深刻的转变——从“知识记忆”全面转向“素养立意”“思维选拔”,从“套路化答题”转向“真实情境下的问题解决”。这对所有考生来说,既是挑战,也是机遇。

     

    而科幻小说作为承载科技伦理与人文思考的特殊文体,恰恰是这种转变的“风向标”。它考验的不是你对某个模板的熟练度,而是你能否在陌生的设定中,读出不变的人性、社会与时代命题。

     

    意蕴题这道4到6分的题目,从来不是“送”的——它是留给能沉下心来品读文本、能灵活运用分析框架的考生的“加分项”。最后十天,不必焦虑,不必慌张。把做过的卷子再翻一翻,把漏掉的角度再补一补,把教材里的方法再顺一顺,把科幻小说的那组“关系”再理一理。

     

    六月考场上的那篇文本——无论它是现实主义、现代主义,还是科幻——正等着你用一双读得懂的眼睛,去发现它藏着的万千意蕴。

  • 高考英语阅读理解十大黄金规则(高考真题操练版)

    1.同义替换原则

    细节题解题黄金法则:定位+改写。先读题目,依据题目中的关键词,如人名、地名、关键词等,快速定位其在原文中对应的段落。在锁定的段落里,进一步找到与题目相关的具体句子。近5年高考真题统计结果表明90%的细节题答案分布在题干关键词所在句或相邻句,80%的正确选项使用同义转换方式改写重点信息句。照搬原文、一模一样的句子,90%是干扰项。正确选项一般有三种方式呈现:

    (1 )同义替换:conduct a comprehensive study –carry out an extensive study

    (2)句式变换:把原文的主动句改为被动句,或把复合句简化为简单句等。

    (3) 概括总结: 

    原文:Some students like reading novels, some prefer magazines, and others are fond of newspapers.

    题目选项:Students have different reading preferences.

    靶向操练:

    1.(2023全国新课标Ⅰ阅读C)The goal of this book is to make the case for digital minimalism, including a detailed exploration of what it asks and why it works, and then to teach you how to adopt this philosophy if you decide it’s right for you.

    1.What is the book aimed at?

    A.Teaching critical thinking skills.

    B.Advocating a simple digital lifestyle.

    C.Solving philosophical problems.

    D.Promoting the use of a digital device.

    2.(2023全国乙阅读B) Being at the right place at the right time is decisive in any style of photography.I often leave early to seek the right destinations so I can set up early to avoid missing the moment I am attempting to photograph.I have missed plenty of beautiful sunsets/sunrises due to being on the spot only five minutes before the best moment.

    What is the key to successful landscape photography according to the author?

    A.Proper time management.

    B.Good shooting techniques.

    C.Adventurous spirit.

    D.Distinctive styles.

    3.(2024全国甲卷阅读C)The Saint Lukas train doesn’t accept passengers -it accepts only the sick. The Saint Lukas is one of five government-sponsored medical trains that travel to remote towns in central and eastern Russia. Each stop lasts an average of two days, and during that time the doctors and nurses on board provide rural (乡村) populations with basic medical care, X-ray scans and prescriptions.

    How is the Saint Lukas different from other trains?

    A. It runs across countries.

    B. It reserves seats for the seniors.

    C. It functions as a hospital.

    D. It travels along a river.

    4.(2023全国甲阅读B) Though DIY has traditionally been seen as a male hobby, the research shows it is women now leading the charge.

    What trend in DIY does the research show?

    A.It is becoming more costly.

    B.It is getting more time⁃consuming.

    C.It is turning into a seasonal industry.

    D.It is gaining popularity among females.

    5.(2022全国甲阅读C) And it was in Chile she discovered she could get last⁃minute cheap deals on ships going to Antarctica from the islands off Tierra del Fuego, the southernmost tip of the South American mainland. “I just decided I wanted to go,” she says. “I had no idea about what I􀆳d find there and I wasn’t nervous. I just wanted to do it. And I wanted to do it alone as I always prefer it that way.”

    What made Ginni decide on the trip to Antarctica?

    A.Lovely penguins.

    B.Beautiful scenery.

    C.A discount fare.  

    D.A friend’s invitation.

    6.(2022全国新高考Ⅰ阅读C) The project was dreamed up by a local charity (慈善组织) to reduce loneliness and improve elderly people’s wellbeing. It is also being used to help patients suffering dementia, a serious illness of the mind. Staff in care homes have reported a reduction in the use of medicine where hens are in use.

    What is the purpose of the project?

    A.To ensure harmony in care homes.

    B.To provide part⁃time jobs for the aged.

    C.To raise money for medical research.

    D.To promote the elderly people’s welfare.

    7.(2022新课标I卷A) An essay not submitted in class on the due date will lose a letter grade for each class period it is late. If it is not turned in by the 4th day after the due date, it will earn a zero. Daily assignments not completed during class will get a zero. Short writings missed as a result of an excused absence will be accepted.

    What will happen if you submit an essay one week after the due date?

    A. You will receive a zero. 

    B. You will lose a letter grade.

    C. You will be given a test.

    D. You will have to rewrite it.

    8.(2026浙江首考阅读A)

    Artwork Statement: Please provide a brief statement (maximum 150 words) outlining your artwork concept.

    Artwork or Writing Submission:

    •Visual Art Submission: Please submit an artwork sketch (草图) of your concept. This can be a work in progress rather than a completed piece. If you are proposing to use a completed artwork, please submit it as your “sketch”.

    •Writing Submission: Submissions must be a maximum of 250 words. It may be a stand-alone piece such as a poem or short story or a part taken from a larger piece.

    Artist Biography: Please provide a short introduction (maximum 50 words) to the artist written in the third person.

    Which of the following meets the application requirements?

    A. A 150-word poem. B. A 100-word self-introduction.

    C. A 300-word story. D. A 200-word artwork statement.

    9.(2025 新高考 II 卷阅读 B 篇) Still, in room 386, academics don’t come first. Physical health and mental health are the priority. “If you’re scared about something and thinking only about that, there’s no way you’re going to be able to learn, ” Ho says. “I’m a coach, an adviser, and a comforter, and that’s what it means to be a hospital teacher. 

    What is a characteristic of Ho’s job?

    A. Prioritizing academics.

    B. Encouraging innovation.

    C. Treating various diseases.

    D. Playing multiple roles.

    10.(2025年高考英语全国I卷阅读理解B篇)In my ninth-grade writing class last year, I met a cowboy who saved his town, a strict father who demanded his son earn straight A’s, and a modern-day Juliet who died of heartbreak after her parents rejected the love of her young life. More than once, I found myself wondering just how my students, who’d created these people, knew their subjects so well.

    Who are the people mentioned at the beginning of paragraph 1?

    A. Ninth graders.

    B. Students’ parents.

    C. Modern writers.

    D. Fictional characters.

    2.题文同序原则

    题目出题顺序基本和文章段落顺序一致,主旨题除外,顺着段落找答案,不用通篇乱找。先浏览题目,明确题目要求,带着问题阅读文章,精准定位答案所在段落。高考阅读理解的题目答题都是“顺序出题原则”,即题目通常按照文章内容的先后顺序来设置。根据“顺序出题原则”并结合题干关键词找到重点信息句。比如第一题可能在一二三段,依次推。如果找不到某道题的段落,可以先做下一题,反推上一题所在段落。

    靶向操练:

    (2024年新高考I卷阅读理解A篇)

    HABITAT RESTORATION TEAM

    Help restore and protect Marin’s natural areas from the Marin Headlands to Bolinas Ridge. We’ll explore beautiful park sites while conducting invasive (侵入的) plant removal, winter planting, and seed collection. Habitat Restoration Team volunteers play a vital role in restoring sensitive resources and protecting endangered species across the ridges and valleys.

    GROUPS

    Groups of five or more require special arrangements and must be confirmed in advance. Please review the List of Available Projects and fill out the Group Project Request Form.

    AGE, SKILLS, WHAT TO BRING

    Volunteers aged 10 and over are welcome. Read our Youth Policy Guidelines for youth under the age of 15.

    Bring your completed Volunteer Agreement Form. Volunteers under the age of 18 must have the parent/guardian approval section signed.

    We’ll be working rain or shine. Wear clothes that can get dirty. Bring layers for changing weather and a raincoat if necessary.

    Bring a personal water bottle, sunscreen, and lunch.

    No experience necessary. Training and tools will be provided. Fulfills (满足)community service requirements.

    UPCOMING EVENTS

    Time Meeting Location
    Sunday, Jan. 15  10:00 am — 1:00 pm Battery Alexander  Trailhead
    Sunday, Jan. 22  10:00 am — 2:30 pm Stinson Beach Parking Lot
    Sunday, Jan. 29  9:30 am — 2:30 pm Coyote Ridge Trailhead

    21.What is the aim of the Habitat Restoration Team?

    A. To discover mineral resources.                                

    B.To develop new wildlife parks.

    C. To protect the local ecosystem.                                

    D.To conduct biological research.

    22.What is the lower age limit for joining the Habitat Restoration Team?

    A.5.            B.10.      C.15.           D.18.

    23.What are the volunteers expected to do?

    A. Bring their own tools.                                             

    B. Work even in bad weather.

    C. Wear a team uniform.                                             

    D. Do at least three projects.

    3.主旨首尾原则

    抓住主旨,关注首尾段圈出关键词。 几乎大多数CD篇阅读理解的主旨要义和选标题题型都可以通过首尾段轻松搞定,根本不用去读全篇。每段的主题句也多在段首或段尾。例如:一篇文章首段提出 “Environmental protection has become an urgent global issue.” 估计主旨就是关于环保问题。阅读中圈出关键词,如转折词(but、however)、因果关系词(because、so)等。例如:“But the new research shows a different result.” 转折后往往是重点。一般主旨题大体是最后一题,偶尔是第一题。

    靶向操练:

    1.(2021年天津卷D)首段 There is something to be said for being a generalist, even if you are a specialist. Knowing a little about a lot of things that interest you can add to the richness of a whole, well-lived life. 

    What could be the best title for the passage?

    A. Be More a Generalist Than a Specialist

    B. Specialist or Generalist: Hard to Decide

    C. Turn a Generalist into a Specialist

    D. Ways to Become a Generalist 

    2.(2021新高考1卷阅读理解C篇)尾段Since 1934, better than half a billion dollars has gone into that Fund to purchase more than 5 million acres of habitat. Little wonder the Federal Duck Stamp Program has been called one of the most successful conservation programs ever initiated.

    Which of the following is a suitable title for the text?

    A. The Federal Duck Stamp Story

    B. The National Wildlife Refuge System

    C. The Benefits of Saving Waterfowl

    D. The History of Migratory Bird Hunting

    3.(2022年全国甲卷)Sometime in the early 1960s, a significant thing happened in Sydney, Australia. The city discovered its harbor. Then, one after another, Sydney discovered lots of things that were just sort of there — broad parks, superb beaches, and a culturally diverse population. But it is the harbor that makes the city.

    What is the first paragraph mainly about?

    A.Sydney’s striking architecture.         

    B.The cultural diversity of Sydney.

    C.The key to Sydney’s development.   

    D.Sydney’s tourist attractions in the 1960s.

    4.(2018年全国高考英语真题试卷I阅读理解C)Languages have been coming and going for thousands of years, but in recent times there has been less coming and a lot more going. When the the world was still populated by hunter-gatherers, small, tightly knit (联系) groups developed their own patterns of speech independent of each other. Some language experts believe that 10,000 years ago, when the world had just five to ten million people, they spoke perhaps 12,000 languages between them.

    What is the main idea of the text?

    A. New languages will be created.

    B.Peoples lifestyles are reflected in languages

    C. Human development results in fewer languages

    D. Geography determines language evolution.

    5.(2020年全国一卷阅读D篇)The connection between people and plants has long been the subject of scientific research. Recent studies have found positive effects. A study conducted in Youngstown, Ohio, for example, discovered that greener areas of the city experienced less crime. In another, employees were shown to be 15% more productive when their workplaces were decorated with houseplants.

    What is the first paragraph mainly about?

    A. A new study of different plants. B. A big fall in crime rates.

    C. Employees from various workplaces. D. Benefits from green plants.

    6.(2021全国甲阅读D)Here’s the good news.In a wired world with constant global communication, we’re all positioned to see flashes of genius wherever they appear.And the more we look, the more we will see that social factors (因素) like gender, race, and class do not determine the appearance of genius.As a writer says, future geniuses come from those with “intelligence, creativity, perseverance (毅力), and simple good fortune, who are able to change the world.”

    What is the best title for the text?

    A.Geniuses Think Alike

    B.Genius Takes Many Forms

    C.Genius and Intelligence

    D.Genius and Luck

    5.“主干剥离”原则:

    对于长难句,过滤无用结构抓住关键信息:主谓。从句嵌套,多个并列句,同位语或插入语(如介词短语、分词短语或从句)分隔主句,是主要因素。‌

    靶向操练:

    (2023全国甲卷)Their recovery has been so successful that the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service has twice attempted to delist grizzlies, which would loosen legal protections and allow them to be hunted.

    What would happen if grizzlies were delisted?

    A. They would receive stronger legal protection.

    B. Hunting grizzlies would be permitted.

    C. Their population would decline rapidly.

    D. More people would start to protect them.

    (2023全国乙卷) The Caribbean Taino, the Australian Aboriginals, the African people of Benin and the Incas, all of whom appear in this book, can speak to us now of their past achievements most powerfully through the objects they made: a history told through things gives them back a voice.

    How do the groups mentioned communicate their past achievements?

    A. By writing historical records.

    B. By telling oral stories.

    C. By creating artworks and objects.

    D. By building ancient architecture.

    6. “纠偏防陷”原则: 

    注意细节信息,警惕偷换概念、张冠李戴、绝对化等陷阱。解题时注意细节信息“三核对”:主体是否一致,逻辑是否偷换,范围是否扩大。 警惕选项中的绝对词,比对原文是否有限定词(some/most)。正确选项一般不出现绝对概念,如only, just, unique, never, always, all, absolutely, must 等等,正确答案的表述一般有点模糊,会用一些相对能够留下一些余地的词汇,如often, usually, sometimes, may, might, can, could, possibly, probably。通过逐层过滤选项与原文的匹配度,排除干扰项。

    靶向操练:

    1.(2025新高考1卷阅读D篇)Still, the findings show a potential path forward for reducing micro – plastic exposure — a task that’s becoming increasingly difficult. Even bottled water, scientists found earlier this year, contains 10 to 1,000 times more microplastics than originally thought.

    What does the author try to illustrate by mentioning bottled water in paragraph 4? 

    A. The importance of plastic recycling. 

    B. The severity of the microplastic problem.

    C. The danger in overusing pure water. 

    D. The difficulty in treating polluted water.

    2.(2021年新高考I卷阅读A )Hotel and Hostel Des Artistes is located just a 10-minute walk from the central city station and it’s close to all of the city’s main attractions. The staff is friendly and helpful, providing you with a map of the city when you arrive, and offering advice if you require some. However, you need to pay 2 euros a day for Wi-Fi.

    What is the disadvantage of Hotel and Hostel Des Artistes?

    A. It gets noisy at night.      

    B. Its staff is too talkative.

    C. It charges for Wi-Fi.      

    D. It’s inconveniently located.

    3.(2021年新高考I卷阅读D) Popularization has in some cases changed the original meaning of emotional (情感的) intelligence. Many people now misunderstand emotional intelligence as almost everything desirable in a person’s makeup that cannot be measured by an IQ test, such as character, motivation, confidence, mental stability, optimism and “people skills.” Research has shown that emotional skills may contribute to some of these qualities, but most of them move far beyond skill-based emotional intelligence.

    What is a common misunderstanding of emotional intelligence?

    A. It can be measured by an IQ test.   

    B. It helps to exercise a person’s mind.

    C. It includes a set of emotional skills.      

    D. It refers to a person’s positive qualities.

    4. (2025年高考英语全国II卷阅读理解D篇)For two weeks in March, Greenwich Village’s Blue Hill restaurant was renamed wastED, and served items like fried skate cartilage, a juice pulp burger, and a dumpster diver’s vegetable salad, Each dish was tailor-made to raise awareness regarding food waste.

    Why did Blue Hill carry out the experiment?

    A. To customize dishes for guests.

    B. To make the public aware of food waste.

    C. To test a food processing method.

    D. To improve the UK’s zero-waste systems.

    5. (2021·天津卷)Things are connected. Let your expertise in one field fuel your passions in all related areas. Some of your interests may not appear to be connected but,once you explore their depths,you discover that they are. My editor Toni,who is also a writer,has edited several history books. She has decided to study Chinese history. Fascinated by the structural beauty of the Forbidden City as a painter,she is equally interested to learn more about Chinese philosophy. “I don’t know where it will lead,but I’m excited I’m on this pursuit.”

    What does the author intend to show with the example of Toni?

    A.Passion alone does not ensure a person’s success.

    B.Indepth exploration makes discoveries possible.

    C.Everyone has a chance to succeed in their pursuit.

    D.Seemingly unrelated interests are in a way connected.

    7. “文本依据优先”原则: 

    所有推理必须扎根于文本细节,避免脱离原文的主观猜想

    基于原文信息进行逻辑推理,立足原文,体会言外之意,只推一步,不能过度推断。

    靶向操练:

    1.(2024全国新课标Ⅰ阅读B)Farber is certain that the holistic approach will grow more popular with time, and if the past is any indication, he may be right: Since 1982, membership in the American Holistic Veterinary Medical Association has grown from 30 to over 700.“Sometimes it surprises me that it works so well,” he says.“I will do anything to help an animal.That’s my job.”

    Why does the author mention the American Holistic Veterinary Medical Association?

    A.To prove Farber’s point.

    B.To emphasize its importance.

    C.To praise veterinarians.

    D.To advocate animal protection.

    2.(2026浙江首考阅读C)The fake reviews written for Azimi’s study were put together by humans, but increasingly, fake reviews are being written by AI, which makes them look more real. Though many companies use algorithms (算法) to weed out fake reviews, Azimi points out that the machines are programmed by humans, and given our limited ability to spot fake reviews, this isn’t a good sign.

    What can be inferred from the last paragraph?

    A. Many companies are producing fake reviews.

    B. Writing fake reviews will be declared illegal.

    C. Machines can detect fake reviews accurately.

    D. It will be harder to recognize fake reviews.

    3.(2025年高考英语全国I卷阅读理解B篇)But things were different for their first essay, which was about the question: “Why is writing important?” Most of the essays filled less than one page, and few contained a sentence that could be interpreted as a thesis (论点) statement. I was shocked. Then I realized that the problem was the question itself. They could have written pages on the necessity of computers, but writing, in and of itself, simply didn’t strike them as important. This would have to change.

    Why did the students perform poorly in writing their first essay?

    A. They were not given enough time.

    B. They had a very limited vocabulary.

    C. They misunderstood the question.

    D. They had little interest in the topic.

    4.(2023高考英语全国甲卷阅读理解D)Obviously, if precautions (预防) aren’t taken, grizzlies(灰熊) can become troublesome, sometimes killing farm animals or walking through yards in search of food. If people remove food and attractants from their yards and campsites, grizzlies will typically pass by without trouble. Putting electric fencing around chicken houses and other farm animal quarters is also highly effective at getting grizzlies away. “Our hope is to have a clean, attractant-free place where bears can pass through without learning bad habits,” says James Jonkel, longtime biologist who manages bears in and around Missoula.

    What can be inferred from the last paragraph?

    A. Food should be provided for grizzlies.

    B. People can live in harmony with grizzlies.

    C. A special path should be built for grizzlies.

    D. Technology can be introduced to protect grizzlies.

    5.(2024年高考英语新课标I卷阅读理解C篇):Digital texts, audio and video all have educational roles, especially when providing resources not available in print. However, for maximizing learning where mental focus and reflection are called for, educators shouldn’t assume all media are the same, even when they contain identical words.

    What does the author imply in the last paragraph?

    A. Students should apply multiple learning techniques.

    B. Teachers should produce their own teaching material.

    C. Print texts cannot be entirely replaced in education.

    D. Education outside the classroom cannot be ignored.

    8.“情感态度词标记”原则:

    关注关键词汇或者某人语言捕捉情感,把握态度。通过文中信号词汇或者某人所说的话去判断作者或人物的情感态度。例如:文中用“wonderful” “amazing”等词描述某事物,表明作者持积极态度。高考英语推理判断题的时候,需要把文章中有逻辑关系的连词和副词划出来,比如while/though,but,however,instead 等转折词后,一定是作者真实观点、出题核心点,转折前都是铺垫干扰,作者想要表达的真正观点往往在这些词后面。

    靶向操练:

    1.(2020全国I阅读C)Race walking shares many fitness benefits with running, research shows, while most likely contributing to fewer injuries. It does, however, have its own problem.

    Which word best describes the author’s attitude to race walking?

    A. Skeptical. B. Objective. C. Tolerant.    D. Conservative.

    2.(2023年全国一卷阅读D篇)Although the studies led by Navajas have limitations and many questions remain the potential implications for group discussion and decision-making are enormous.

    What is the author’s attitude toward Navajas’ studies?

    A.Unclear. B. Dismissive. C. Doubtful. D. Approving.

    3.(2024全国甲阅读C) Doctors see up to 150 patients every day. The train’s equipment allows for basic checkups.“I was very impressed by the doctors and their assistants working and living in such little space but still staying focused and very concerned,” says Ducke. “They were the best chance for many rural people to get the treatment they want.”

    What is Ducke’s attitude toward the Saint Lukas’ services?

    A.Appreciative.     

    B.Doubtful.

    C.Ambiguous.

    D.Cautious.

    4. (2014新课标Ⅰ卷)In 1897, the state of Michigan passed a law prohibiting the killing of passenger pigeons(旅鸽), but by then, no sizable flocks (群)had been seen in the state for 10 years.

    (B)What can we infer about the law passed in Michigan?

    A. It was ignored by the public. B. It was declared too late.

    C. It was unfair.  D. It was strict.

    5.(2020年全国高考英语I卷的B篇)While I tend to buy a lot of books, these three were given to me as gifts, which might add to the meaning I attach to them. But I imagine that,while money is indeed wonderful and necessary, rereading an authors work is the highest currency a reader can pay them. The best books are the ones that open further as time passes. But remember, its you that has to grow and read and reread in order to better understand your friends.

    What does the underlined word “currency” in paragraph 4 refer to?

    A. Debt B. Reward  C. Allowance  D. Face value

    【常见的表达态度的词语】

    (1)、表示积极态度的词:positive (积极的), objective(客观的), supportive(支持的), favorable (赞许的), approving(赞同的), optimistic(乐观的),enthusiastic(热情的)concerned (关心的,impressive(.给人深刻印象的)等。

    (2)、表示消极态度的词:disgusted(厌恶的), dismissive(轻蔑的), disapproving (不赞成的)critical(批评的), negative(消极的), doubtful(怀疑的), skeptical(怀疑的), suspicious (怀疑的),disappointed(失望的), pessimistic(悲观的), opposed(反对的), subjective(主观的),tolerant(容忍的),complaining(抱怨的)等。

    (3)、表示其他态度的词:controversial(矛盾的)conservative (保守的) conventional (墨守陈规的), factual(事实的),neutral((中立的), impartial(不偏不倚的) indifferent (漠不关心的) unconcerned (不关心的)uncaring(不在意的),uncertain(不确定的),curious(好奇的),cautious (小心的,谨慎的),ambiguous(模棱两可的)等。

    9.“结构锚点与功能定位”原则: 

    考查总领全文或‌引出下文,看首段;‌考查承上启下,看尾段。据我观察,高考只要阅读问第一段作用,不用纠结,:直接秒选:introduce the topic / lead into the topic 引出话题。开篇问句 / 引用名言 / 小故事作用几乎也是如此:

    (1)高考英语阅读问“第一段作用”题型常见问法:

    What is the ‌purpose‌ of the first paragraph?

    Why does the author mention… in the first paragraph?

    The first paragraph mainly serves to ______.

    靶向操练:

    1.(2022年北京卷英语 C篇)  “What would the world be if there were no hunger?” It’s a question that Professor Crystal would ask her students. They found it hard to answer, she wrote later, because imagining something that isn’t part of real life—and learning how to make it real—is a rare skill. It is taught to artists and engineers, but much less often to scientists. Crystal set out to change that, and helped to create a global movement. The result—an approach known as systems thinking—is now seen as essential in meeting global challenges.

    The author uses the question underlined in Paragraph 1 to ________.

    A. illustrate an argument 

    B. highlight an opinio

    C. introduce the topic      

    D. predict the end

    2.(2021年浙江首考卷阅读理解B篇) At the start of the 20th century, an American engineer named John Elfreth Watkins made predictions about life today. His predictions about slowing population growth, mobile phones and increasing height were close to the mark. But he was wrong in one prediction: that everybody would walk 10 miles a day.

    Why does the author mention Watkins’ predictions in the first paragraph?

    A. To make comparisons. 

    B. To introduce the topic.

    C. To support her argument.

    D. To provide examples.

    3.(2025年高考英语全国I卷阅读理解D篇) Microplastics have become a common source of pollution across the Earth—they have settled in the deep sea and on the Himalayas, stuck inside volcanic rocks, filled the stomachs of seabirds and even fallen in fresh Antarctic snow. They are even appearing inside humans.

    How does the author present the issue in the first paragraph?

    A. By quoting an expert.

    B. By defining a concept.

    C. By giving examples.

    D. By providing statistics.

    (2)高考英语阅读问“下一段要讲什么”题型基本就是看最后一段,甚至就是最后一句话:

    (2023年高考英语乙卷阅读C篇) The UK’s obsession (痴迷) with food is reflected through television scheduling. Cookery shows and documentaries about food are broadcast more often than before. With an increasing number of male chefs on TV, it’s no longer “uncool” for boys to like cooking.

    What might the author continue talking about?

    A.The art of cooking in other countries. 

    B.Male chefs on TV programmes.

    C.Table manners in the UK. 

    D.Studies of big eaters.

    (3) 例子服务主旨:文中举例、故事、数据,不是考例子本身,是用来证明前后观点,答案往例子前后主旨句找。

    (2022年新高考II卷阅读理解D篇) As we age, even if we’re healthy, the heart just isn’t as efficient in processing oxygen as it used to be. In most people the first signs show up in their 50s or early 60s. And among people who don’t exercise, the changes can start even sooner. 

    “Think of a rubber band. In the beginning, it is flexible, but put it in a drawer for 20 years and it will become dry and easily broken,” says Dr. Ben Levine, a heart specialist at the University of Texas. That’s what happens to the heart. Fortunately for those in midlife, Levine is finding that even if you haven’t been an enthusiastic exerciser, getting in shape now may help improve your aging heart.

    What does Levine want to explain by mentioning the rubber band?

    A. The right way of exercising.

    B. The causes of a heart attack.

    C. The difficulty of keeping fit.

    D. The aging process of the heart.

    (2024年浙江卷1月C篇阅读理解)One doubter about the safety of cloud seeding is Chuck Doswell, a research scientist who just retired from the University of Oklahoma. “In 1999, I personally saw significant tornadoes (龙卷风) form from a seeded storm cell in Kansas,” Dr. Doswell says. “Does cloud seeding create killer storms or reduce moisture downwind? No one really knows, of course, but the seeding goes on.”

    Why does Dr. Doswellmention the tornadoes he saw in 1999?

    A. To compare different kinds of seeding methods.

    B. To illustrate the development of big hailstorms.

    C. To indicate a possible danger of cloud seeding. 

    D. To show the link between storms and moisture.

    10.“语境构词双维猜词”原则: 

    依据语境结合构词法,猜测词义

    语境维度: 利用语境及逻辑关系猜词。有时完全可以利用上下文语境和前后句之间的并列、因果、转折、对比、解释定义,同位语和举例等关系来猜测词义。

    构词维度:词素拆解重组。利用熟悉的词根,前后缀知识,拆解单词,结合语境推断词义。

    最后双维交叉:构词法得出假设→语境验证合理性 

    靶向操练:

    1.(2023全国甲阅读B)Terri Bolton is a dab hand when it comes to DIY (do⁃it⁃yourself).Skilled at putting up shelves and piecing together furniture, she never pays someone else to do a job she can do herself. 

    1.Which is closest in meaning to “a dab hand” in paragraph 1?

    A.An artist.     

    B.A winner.

    C.A specialist.

    D.A pioneer.

    2.(2022全国甲阅读C) Ever since her childhood, Ginni, now 71, has had a deep love for travel. Throughout her career (职业) as a professional dancer, she toured in the UK, but always longed to explore further. When she retired from dancing and her sons eventually flew the nest, she decided it was time to take the plunge. 

    Which of the following best explains “take the plunge” underlined in paragraph 2?

    A.Try challenging things.

    B.Take a degree.

    C.Bring back lost memories.

    D.Stick to a promise.

    3.(2021全国新高考Ⅱ阅读B) As they grew more mobile, we let them move freely around the house during the day, but when we were asleep we had to contain them in a large room, otherwise they’d get up to mischief. We’d come down in the morning to find they’d turned the room upside down, and left it looking like a zoo. 

    What do the underlined words “get up to mischief” mean in paragraph 3?

    A.Behave badly.    

    B.Lose their way.

    C.Sleep soundly.    

    D.Miss their mom.

    4.(2023全国新课标Ⅰ阅读C) Part one concludes by introducing my suggested method for adopting this philosophy: the digital declutter.This process requires you to step away from optional online activities for thirty days.At the end of the thirty days, you will then add back a small number of carefully chosen online activities that you believe will provide massive benefits to the things you value.

    What does the underlined word “declutter” in paragraph 3 mean?

    A.Clear⁃up.    B.Add⁃on.

    C.Check⁃in.    D.Take⁃over.

    5.(2025浙江首考阅读C)A novel design approach to gardening has been gaining in popularity worldwide. Referred to as matrix planting, this approach aims for nature to do a lot more of the heavy lifting in the garden, and even some of the designing. Eschewing fertilizers(化肥) and power tools, it’s based on an elegantly simple principle: to garden more like nature does. 

    What does the underlined word “Eschewing” in the first paragraph mean?

    A. Running out of.                    

    B. Keeping away from.

    C. Putting up with.                    

    D. Taking advantage of.

    6.(2026浙江首考阅读C)When it came to faking a review, length was important to believability, as was detail. A long, negative review of a hotel, complete with lots of information, tended to convince participants. A lengthy, positive review, on the other hand, was regarded as suspicious, and participants tended to trust writers that kept their glowing reviews short. Emotion was also important in convincing readers—or the lack of emotion, at least. Azimi says study participants tended not to trust reviews where the writers expressed their feelings in a big way. The more dispassionate that negative write-up, the more likely it was to take the reader in.

    What does the underlined word “glowing” in paragraph 4 mean?

    A. Funny. B. Abusive.                C. Insightful.             D. Praising.

    7.(2024年高考英语新课标I卷阅读理解C篇)When reading texts of several hundred words or more, learning is generally more successful when it’s on paper than onscreen. A large amount of research confirms this finding. The benefits of print reading particularly shine through when experimenters move from posing simple tasks – like identifying the main idea in a reading passage – to ones that require mental abstraction – such as drawing inferences from a text.

    What does the underlined phrase “shine through” in paragraph 2 mean?

    A. Seem unlikely to last.

    B. Seem hard to explain.

    C. Become ready to use.

    D. Become easy to notice.

    8.(2025年高考英语全国I卷阅读理解B篇)As a new unit started, I asked everyone to write a persuasive piece on a health-related topic of their choice. This time they found the exercise much more interesting. For the next two assignments, a personal-narrative unit followed by a creative-writing workshop, I only required that the piece meet the specifications of its genre (体裁) and that it contain a thesis. The results were staggering. The students took on diverse topics and turned in stories, 10 to 20 pages each, with characters that broadened my view and touched my heart.

    What does the underlined word “staggering” in paragraph 3 mean?

    A. Mixed. B. Amazing.

    C. Similar. D. Disturbing.

    答案解析关注明日推文

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  • 2026届高三必刷!全国各地最新语法填空分类汇编120题(解析版)

    精选2026年武汉、深圳、广州、襄阳等多地名校模拟题,按时态语态/非谓语/词形转换/介冠连四大考点精准分类汇编成极具代表性的120句单句语法填空。每题附原题出处+参考答案+详细解析,直击高考核心考点,有了这份语法填空宝藏资料,高考提分不迷路!

     

    一、时态语态专项

     

    1. (2026深圳市高三第二次调研考试)

    Powerful drumbeats filled the theatre as performers firmly ______(strike) large drums in perfect rhythm.

    答案:struck

    解析:主句谓语filled为一般过去时,as引导时间状语从句时态保持一致,strike过去式为struck。

    2. (2026深圳市高三第二次调研考试)

    The show kicked off as the history ______(introduce) by Mr. Zhao, a 70‑year‑old drum master.

    答案:was introduced

    解析:history与introduce为被动关系;主句kicked off为一般过去时,用一般过去时被动was introduced。

    3. (2026广州普通高等学校招生全国统一考试模拟测试二)

    Classic scenes like “Requesting Orders,” “Swordplay,” and “Battle” ______(film) as silent movie parts.

    答案:were filmed

    解析:讲述1905年过去事件,用一般过去时;scenes与film被动,主语复数,故were filmed。

    4. (2026广州普通高等学校招生全国统一考试模拟测试二)

    In recent years, beyond developing film‑related products, it ______(establish) strong ties with the Dashilan area.

    答案:has established

    解析:In recent years为现在完成时标志,主语it单数,用has established。

    5. (2026浙江温州高三二模)

    In recent months, videos with the term ______(draw) billions of views on social media.

    答案:have drawn

    解析:In recent months为现在完成时标志,主语videos复数,用have drawn。

    6. (2026成都三诊)

    China ______(have) an enthusiasm for British and Irish pop acts for years.

    答案:has had

    解析:for years表动作持续至今,用现在完成时;主语China单数,has had。

    7. (2026哈三中高三三模)

    This type of folk songs ______(date) back to the late Ming dynasty.

    答案:dates

    解析:date back to无被动,表客观事实用一般现在时;主语this type单数,用dates。

    8. (2026东北师大附中高三5月模拟)

    Rozette first ______(appear) on the stage about 20 years ago and earned praise with her powerful voice.

    答案:appeared

    解析:about 20 years ago为过去时间状语,用一般过去时,appear过去式appeared。

    9. (2026昆明市第一中学高三4月复习诊断)

    Over the past century, education ______(recognize) as the cornerstone of social progress.

    答案:has been recognized

    解析:Over the past century为现在完成时标志;education与recognize被动,用has been recognized。

    10. (2026浙江强基联盟5月)

    The exhibition, Echoes of Her Century, currently on view at the Long Museum in Shanghai, ______(bring) together works by nearly 200 female artists.

    答案:brings

    解析:介绍客观现状用一般现在时;主语the exhibition单数,用brings。

    11. (2026浙江强基联盟5月)

    Many find that much of their time and energy ______(spend) on family duties.

    答案:is spent

    解析:time and energy与spend被动;主句一般现在时,主语为不可数概念,用is spent。

    12. (2026届武汉四调模拟考)

    as the sheep’s grazing grounds ______(be) a photovoltaic industrial park.

    答案:are

    解析:主语grounds为复数;客观事实用一般现在时,故填are。

    13 . (2026届武汉四调模拟考)

    Last year, 600 sheep ______(task) with protecting the solar panels in the park.

    答案:were tasked

    解析:Last year为过去时间;sheep与task被动,主语复数,用一般过去时被动were tasked。

    14. (东北三省三校2026届高三下第一次联合模拟考)

    Quanzhou puppetry, a national intangible cultural heritage that ______(originate) in Quanzhou in the Qin Dynasty.

    答案:originated

    解析:in the Qin Dynasty为过去时间,用一般过去时originated。

    15. (2026年3月襄阳市高三统一调研测试)

    The event’s theme, “Go East ” ______(coin) personally by Timothy Xu.

    答案:was coined

    解析:theme与coin被动;动作发生在过去,用一般过去时被动was coined。

    16. (2026年3月襄阳市高三统一调研测试)

    Among the highlights of the event ______(be) Mickey Guyton, an American country music artist.

    答案:was

    解析:完全倒装,主语Mickey Guyton单数;讲述过去活动,用一般过去时was。

    17. (2026年3月襄阳市高三统一调研测试)

    This is the first time that we ______(come) to China.

    答案:have come

    解析:固定句型 This is the first time that + 现在完成时,主语we用have come。

    18. (2026年4月广州市高三二模测试)

    If the wood ______(be) hollow or decayed inside, the speed of the sound changes.

    答案:is

    解析:if引导条件状语从句,遵循“主将从现”;wood不可数,用一般现在时is。

     

    二、非谓语动词专项

     

    1. (2026深圳市高三第二次调研考试)

    The steady rhythm of the drums, ______(combine) with carefully designed movements, created a strong sense of history and discipline.

    答案:combined

    解析:be combined with为固定搭配,此处省略be,过去分词作后置定语表被动。

    2. (2026深圳市高三第二次调研考试)

    Music is meant ______(share).

    答案:to be shared

    解析:固定结构be meant to do;music与share被动,用不定式被动to be shared。

    3. (2026广州普通高等学校招生全国统一考试模拟测试二)

    In 1905, Ren Qingtai invited Peking Opera master Tan Xinpei to star in an opera movie ______(name) Dingjun Mountain.

    答案:named

    解析:movie与name被动,过去分词作后置定语,表“名叫……的”。

    4. (2026广州普通高等学校招生全国统一考试模拟测试二)

    These were first shown on December 28, 1905, ______(mark) the beginning of Chinese cinema’s journey.

    答案:marking

    解析:现在分词作结果状语,表前文整件事带来的自然结果。

    5. (2026浙江温州高三二模)

    Traditional values warn against those who cheat ______(establish) systems.

    答案:established

    解析:过去分词作定语修饰systems,表“既定的、已建立的”。

    6. (2026杭州市高三二模)

    But then, a melody begins, ______(float) through the air, and suddenly the space is transformed.

    答案:floating

    解析:melody与float主动,现在分词作伴随状语。

    7. (2026杭州市高三二模)

    It is much easier to intuitively sense whether the audience enjoys the piece I am playing ______(feel) their emotions directly.

    答案:to feel / feel

    解析:可与to sense并列用to feel;也可省略to,用feel与sense并列。

    8. (2026杭州市高三二模)

    When artists move into public spaces to create and perform, art steps out from the closed environment of theaters into the more open settings of public life, making itself truly seen, ______(hear), and participated in.

    答案:heard

    解析:seen、heard、participated并列,均为过去分词表被动“被听见”。

    9. (2026成都三诊)

    The band have had two separate trips ______(plan) in 2026.

    答案:planned

    解析:have sth done固定结构,过去分词作宾补,表“使某事被安排”。

    10. (2026哈三中高三三模)

    The Midu echoing is gaining new vitality in the digital age these days, as a creative adaptation ______(combine) traditional melodies with contemporary rhythms sparks online engagement and cross‑cultural participation in gesture dance challenges.

    答案:combining

    解析:adaptation与combine主动,现在分词作后置定语。

    11. (2026东北师大附中高三5月模拟)

    JKAI, who plans the videos, however, is relaxed about the mixed opinions and determined to stick to their original plan of delivering genuine and spontaneous reviews, ______(ask) their audience to “agree to disagree” instead.

    答案:asking

    解析:JKAI与ask主动,现在分词作伴随状语。

    12. (2026东北师大附中高三5月模拟)

    Both JKAI and Rozette feel it is their mission ______(remind) people of what “real and raw” human voices sound like.

    答案:to remind

    解析:It is + n. + to do固定句型,it为形式主语,不定式为真正主语。

    13. (2026昆明市第一中学高三4月复习诊断改编)

    It broadens our thinking, ______(enable) us to analyze things independently, making wise life decisions, and helping us lead stable, mentally healthy lives.

    答案:enabling

    解析:it与enable主动,现在分词作结果状语。

    14. (2026昆明市第一中学高三4月复习诊断)

    Moreover, education also equips us with the courage to face challenges and the wisdom ______(pursue) personal growth, making our lives more meaningful and fulfilling.

    答案:to pursue

    解析:the wisdom to do sth固定结构,不定式作后置定语。

    15. (2026浙江强基联盟5月)

    Spanning from the early 20th century to the present, the exhibition seeks to trace a 100‑year art history ______(write) by women.

    答案:written

    解析:history与write被动,过去分词作后置定语。

    16. (2026浙江强基联盟5月)

    In this situation, women often form a “primitive community”, ______(care) for each other.

    答案:caring

    解析:women与care主动,现在分词作伴随状语。

    17. (2026届武汉四调模拟考)

    With average wind speed ______(reduce) by half, vegetation coverage in the area has grown to 80 percent.

    答案:reduced

    解析:with复合结构;wind speed与reduce被动,用过去分词作宾补。

    18. (2026届武汉四调模拟考)

    The growing grass can dramatically lower panel efficiency and cause fires, allowing a green ecological chain ______(form).

    答案:to form

    解析:固定搭配 allow sth. to do,不定式作宾补;ecological chain与form被动,此处用主动表被动to form。

    19. (2026届武汉四调模拟考)

    In addition, herders can sell some of their sheep, ______(secure) great financial benefits.

    答案:securing

    解析:现在分词作结果状语,表卖羊带来的自然结果。

    20. (东北三省三校2026届高三下第一次联合模拟考)

    while another performance featured a robot dog ______(dance) in rhythm with the puppet.

    答案:dancing

    解析:固定结构 feature sb./sth. doing,现在分词作后置定语。

    21. (东北三省三校2026届高三下第一次联合模拟考)

    The event marked the opening of an innovative design competition ______(launch) by the Quanzhou government.

    答案:launched

    解析:competition与launch被动,过去分词作后置定语。

    22. (东北三省三校2026届高三下第一次联合模拟考)

    aiming ______(promote) the city’s rich cultural heritage and local arts.

    答案:to promote

    解析:固定搭配 aim to do sth.,不定式作目的状语。

    23. (2026年3月襄阳市高三统一调研测试)

    provide a one‑stop service for international artists ______(seek) to develop their careers in China.

    答案:seeking

    解析:artists与seek主动,现在分词作后置定语。

    24. (2026年4月广州市高三二模测试)

    the team employs advanced technologies ______(monitor) the tree’s health.

    答案:to monitor

    解析:不定式作目的状语,表使用技术的目的。

    25. (2026年4月广州市高三二模测试)

    “It is a story of one ______(beat) another in nature,” he notes.

    答案:beating

    解析:介词of后接动名词,one与beat主动,用beating。

     

    三、词形转换专项

     

    1. (2026深圳市高三第二次调研考试)

    and it ______(immediate) caught my attention.

    答案:immediately

    解析:形容词变副词,修饰动词caught。

    2. (2026深圳市高三第二次调研考试)

    the performance told a ______(remark) story of how this ancient art has survived across centuries.

    答案:remarkable

    解析:名词变形容词,修饰名词story。

    3. (2026深圳市高三第二次调研考试)

    the audience was deeply moved and responded with enthusiastic ______(applaud).

    答案:applause

    解析:动词变名词,enthusiastic修饰名词。

    4. (2026广州普通高等学校招生全国统一考试模拟测试二)

    representing the lasting legacy (遗产) of cinematic art and modern ______(innovate).

    答案:innovation

    解析:动词变名词,modern修饰名词。

    5. (2026广州普通高等学校招生全国统一考试模拟测试二)

    Walking through, visitors can ______(direct) experience the century‑old story of Chinese cinema.

    答案:directly

    解析:形容词变副词,修饰动词experience。

    6. (2026广州普通高等学校招生全国统一考试模拟测试二)

    attracts many domestic and overseas tourists with its ______(character) mix of movie screenings, shopping, and tea appreciation.

    答案:characteristic

    解析:名词变形容词,修饰名词mix。

    7. (2026浙江温州高三二模)

    Do you choose zhengxiu, the orthodox (正统的) one that ______(typical) demands decades of practice in a cave?

    答案:typically

    解析:形容词变副词,修饰动词demands。

    8. (2026浙江温州高三二模)

    It now represents a ______(depart) from the proper way.

    答案:departure

    解析:动词变名词,a后接单数名词。

    9. (2026浙江温州高三二模)

    An unstable economy, rising housing costs and shaky job ______(prospect) have already made the path through adulthood more uncertain.

    答案:prospects

    解析:job prospects为固定搭配,用复数表“就业前景”。

    10. (2026杭州市高三二模)

    The countless ______(like) both offline and online prove that this is a means for art to burst forth with vigorous and dynamic vitality.

    答案:likes

    11. (2026杭州市高三二模)

    Meanwhile, authentic audience feedback and the ______(interact) atmosphere of live events often inspire artists.

    答案:interactive

    解析:动词变形容词,修饰名词atmosphere。

    12. (2026成都三诊)

    In 2023, its music industry overtook France to become the world’s fifth ______(large).

    答案:largest

    解析:the world’s fifth largest固定表达,用最高级。

    13. (2026成都三诊)

    But less noticed is a ______(grow) interest in grassroots UK indie bands.

    答案:growing

    解析:动词变形容词,修饰名词interest。

    14. (2026成都三诊)

    Sea Power have achieved similar ______(succeed).

    答案:success

    解析:动词变名词,similar修饰名词。

    15. (2026成都三诊)

    “I feel ______(true) blessed that we can go to these places and meet these people who are so kind,” says Day.

    答案:truly

    解析:形容词变副词,修饰形容词blessed。

    16. (2026哈三中高三三模)

    characterized by strong rhythms and electronic beats that have recently gained in ______(popular) through short‑video platforms.

    答案:popularity

    解析:形容词变名词,gain in popularity表“人气上升”。

    17. (2026哈三中高三三模)

    enabled the precious intangible cultural heritage to reach a far ______(wide) enthusiastic audience.

    答案:wider

    解析:far修饰比较级,wide比较级为wider。

    18. (2026东北师大附中高三5月模拟)

    earned praise with her powerful voice, impressive stage performances and ______(accomplish) singing.

    答案:accomplished

    解析:动词变形容词,修饰名词singing。

    19. (2026东北师大附中高三5月模拟)

    They rarely make ______(preparation) or do any research about the song or singer they are to review.

    答案:preparations

    解析:make preparations固定搭配,用复数。

    20. (2026东北师大附中高三5月模拟)

    Yet as the ______(popular) of their videos increases, some people question their qualifications.

    答案:popularity

    解析:形容词变名词,the后接名词。

    21. (2026昆明市第一中学高三4月复习诊断)

    Education empowers us to use ______(know) information to live better.

    答案:known

    解析:动词变形容词,修饰information,表“已知的”。

    22. (2026昆明市第一中学高三4月复习诊断)

    which offers appropriate and ______(system) solutions to various problems.

    答案:systematic

    解析:名词变形容词,修饰名词solutions。

    23. (2026昆明市第一中学高三4月复习诊断)

    it eliminates unreasonable ______(belief) since educated people lay the foundation for an educated nation.

    答案:beliefs

    解析:可数名词复数,unreasonable后接复数。

    24. (2026昆明市第一中学高三4月复习诊断)

    since educated people lay the ______(found) for an educated nation.

    答案:foundation

    解析:动词变名词,lay the foundation for表“为……奠定基础”。

    25. (2026届武汉四调模拟考)
    The growing grass can ______(dramatic) lower panel efficiency.
    答案:dramatically
    解析:形容词变副词,修饰动词lower。
    26. (东北三省三校2026届高三下第一次联合模拟考)
    A ______(strategic) important port of the Maritime Silk Road.
    答案:strategically
    解析:形容词变副词,修饰形容词important。
    27. (东北三省三校2026届高三下第一次联合模拟考)
    Zayton was the name foreign ______(trader) called Quanzhou in ancient times.
    答案:traders
    解析:可数名词复数,表“外国商人”。
    28. (2026年3月襄阳市高三统一调研测试)
    The department was ______(official) introduced during a launch event in Beijing on Jan. 22.
    答案:officially
    解析:形容词变副词,修饰动词introduced。
    29. (2026年3月襄阳市高三统一调研测试)
    from the perspective of music ______(consume).
    答案:consumption
    解析:动词变名词,music consumption“音乐消费”。
    30. (2026年4月广州市高三二模测试)
    Rather than relying on strong ______(chemical), the team practices biological control.
    答案:chemicals
    解析:可数名词复数,表“化学药剂”。
    31. (2026年4月广州市高三二模测试)
    describes releasing ______(nature) enemies to hunt them.
    答案:natural
    解析:名词变形容词,修饰名词enemies。
    32. (2026年4月广州市高三二模测试)
    highlighting how this approach maintains ______(ecology) balance.
    答案:ecological
    解析:名词变形容词,修饰名词balance。

     

    四、单句语法(冠词/介词/连词)专项

     

    1. (2026深圳市高三第二次调研考试)

    They carried the drum music ______ them and brought it into ordinary communities.

    答案:with

    解析:carry sth with sb固定搭配,表“随身携带”。

    2. (2026深圳市高三第二次调研考试)

    ______ had once belonged to the court became something people could hear, learn, and pass on.

    答案:What

    解析:What引导主语从句,在从句中作主语。

    3. (2026深圳市高三第二次调研考试)

    Watching Drum Music in Dongcang was ______ experience that left a lasting impression on me.

    答案:an

    解析:experience表“一次经历”为可数名词,元音音素开头用an。

    4. (2026广州普通高等学校招生全国统一考试模拟测试二)

    the Daguanlou Cinema is one of the earliest cinemas in China and is celebrated ______ the birthplace of Chinese film.

    答案:as

    解析:be celebrated as固定搭配,表“被誉为”。

    5. (2026广州普通高等学校招生全国统一考试模拟测试二)

    Today, the Daguanlou Theater has evolved into the Daguanlou Cinema, ______ ground floor hosts a living museum.

    答案:whose

    解析:whose引导定语从句,表所属关系“它的一楼”。

    6. (2026广州普通高等学校招生全国统一考试模拟测试二)

    The cinema’s fusion of the old and the new offers ______ unique experience.

    答案:a

    解析:unique辅音音素开头,用a。

    7. (2026浙江温州高三二模)

    Do you choose zhengxiu, the orthodox one that typically demands decades of practice in a cave? ______ do you risk xiexiu, the unorthodox way?

    答案:Or

    解析:选择疑问句,用Or表“还是”。

    8. (2026浙江温州高三二模)

    Others turn into the absurd: reading advanced mathematics ______ a sleep aid.

    答案:as

    解析:as介词,表“作为”。

    9. (2026浙江温州高三二模)

    Guangming Daily declared the trend ______ cheerful way for the young to deal with uncertainty.

    答案:a

    解析:a cheerful way表“一种积极的方式”。

    10. (2026浙江温州高三二模)

    it’s teaching you ______ to rethink.

    答案:how

    解析:how引导宾语从句,表方式“如何反思”。

    11. (2026杭州市高三二模)

    People gather, strangers become neighbors, ______ art fills the public space with possibility.

    答案:and

    解析:并列顺承关系,用and。

    12. (2026杭州市高三二模)

    this is ______ means for art to burst forth with vigorous and dynamic vitality.

    答案:a

    解析:a means固定搭配,表“一种方式”。

    13. (2026杭州市高三二模)

    pushing them to reconsider ______ they express themselves through their work.

    答案:how

    解析:how引导宾语从句,表方式“如何表达自我”。

    14. (2026杭州市高三二模)

    when performers enter more public spaces and residents pause ______ art.

    答案:for

    解析:pause for sth固定搭配,表“驻足欣赏”。

    15. (2026成都三诊)

    And we’re not the only ______.

    答案:ones

    解析:ones代指前文复数musicians。

    16. (2026成都三诊)

    all of ______ we’ve managed to achieve.

    答案:which

    解析:介词+which引导定语从句。

    17. (2026成都三诊)

    ______ what I hadn’t counted on was finding a fanbase in China.

    答案:But

    解析:表转折,用But。

    18. (2026成都三诊)

    Zipping through China via high‑speed train is an eye‑opening experience ______ UK artists.

    答案:for

    解析:for介词,表“对……来说”。

    19. (2026哈三中高三三模)

    These melodies deeply struck ______ chord with local communities.

    答案:a

    解析:strike a chord固定搭配,表“引起共鸣”。

    20. (2026哈三中高三三模)

    evolving ______ an engaging musical and dance trend.

    答案:into

    解析:evolve into固定搭配,表“演变成”。

    21. (2026哈三中高三三模)

    driven by inventive rearrangements, celebrity promotion, ______ a surge of user‑generated content.

    答案:and

    解析:并列名词短语,用and。

    22. (2026哈三中高三三模)

    while others found ______ much more appealing to combine traditional folk elements with modern sounds.

    答案:it

    解析:it作形式宾语,真正宾语为后面不定式。

    23. (2026哈三中高三三模)

    Liu Meirun… argues that ancient ______ these traditional folk songs are, their creative integration with modern elements…

    答案:as/though

    解析:as/though引导让步状语从句倒装。

    24. (2026东北师大附中高三5月模拟)

    Canadian musicians Rozette and JKAI never expected their “reaction” videos, ______ they started to create and post simply for fun, to go viral in China.

    答案:which

    解析:which引导非限制性定语从句。

    25. (2026东北师大附中高三5月模拟)

    determined to stick ______ their original plan of delivering genuine and spontaneous reviews.

    答案:to/with

    解析:stick to/with固定搭配,表“坚持”。

    26. (2026东北师大附中高三5月模拟)

    ______ makes us human is that we all have flaws.

    答案:What

    解析:What引导主语从句,在从句中作主语。

    27. (2026昆明市第一中学高三4月复习诊断)

    If we compare the modern world to ______ it was a thousand years ago.

    答案:what

    解析:what引导宾语从句,作to的宾语。

    28. (2026昆明市第一中学高三4月复习诊断)

    It is a broad term that refers ______ the process of learning and acquiring knowledge.

    答案:to

    解析:refer to固定搭配,表“指的是”。

    29. (2026昆明市第一中学高三4月复习诊断)

    it is a basic human right ______ everyone on the planet deserves.

    答案:that/which

    解析:关系代词引导定语从句,作deserves宾语。

    30. (2026浙江强基联盟5月)

    Today, women have become ______ honourable part of contemporary art.

    答案:an

    解析:honourable元音音素开头,用an。

    31. (2026浙江强基联盟5月)

    More often, they are referred to as “outstanding artists” instead of “outstanding female artists”, ______ shows women are being viewed more for their achievements than by gender.

    答案:which

    解析:which引导非限制性定语从句,指代前文整件事。

    32. (2026浙江强基联盟5月)

    Works by female artists accounted ______ 37 percent of sales by value.

    答案:for

    解析:account for固定搭配,表“占比”。

    33. (2026届武汉四调模拟考)
    with ______ average annual sunshine duration of nearly 3,000 hours.
    答案:an
    解析:average元音音素开头,用不定冠词an。
    34. (2026届武汉四调模拟考)
    not only generates electricity for distant provinces ______ acts as both a sunshade and a windbreak.
    答案:but
    解析:固定搭配 not only…but (also),表“不但……而且”。
    35. (2026届武汉四调模拟考)
    However, this vegetation growth hasn’t been ______ issues.
    答案:without
    解析:介词without,双重否定表肯定“并非没有问题”。

    36. (2026届武汉四调模拟考)
    has set an example of ______ industrial development, traditional practices, and environmental protection work hand in hand.
    答案:how
    解析:how引导宾语从句,表“如何让三者协同发展”。
    37. (东北三省三校2026届高三下第一次联合模拟考)
    The brilliance of Quanzhou puppetry, ______ national intangible cultural heritage.
    答案:a
    解析:泛指一项国家级非遗,辅音音素开头用a。
    38. (东北三省三校2026届高三下第一次联合模拟考)
    at the Chinese Traditional Culture Museum in Beijing, ______ a skilled puppeteer controlled a designed monkey puppet.
    答案:where
    解析:where引导定语从句,在从句中充当地点状语。
    39. (东北三省三校2026届高三下第一次联合模拟考)
    Quanzhou was once a center of trade ______ home to envoys and business people from outside China.
    答案:and
    解析:并列结构,连接两个表语a center of trade和home to…。
    40. (东北三省三校2026届高三下第一次联合模拟考)
    The competition… is now open ______ competitors.
    答案:to
    解析:固定搭配 be open to sb.,表“对……开放”。
    41. (2026年3月襄阳市高三统一调研测试)
    China’s growing value ______ the world’s third largest music market.
    答案:as
    解析:介词as,表“作为”。
    42. (2026年3月襄阳市高三统一调研测试)
    The phrase is also pronounced similarly to “gouyisi ” in Chinese, ______ informal term meaning “You’re true friends.”
    答案:an
    解析:informal元音音素开头,用an。
    43. (2026年3月襄阳市高三统一调研测试)
    Mickey Guyton, an American country music artist, ______ participated in China’s popular TV show Singer 2025.
    答案:who
    解析:who引导非限制性定语从句,指人并作主语。
    44. (2026年3月襄阳市高三统一调研测试)
    how international artists break into the Chinese market ______ what a vital role local professional teams play.
    答案:and
    解析:并列两个宾语从句,用and连接。
    45. (2026年4月广州市高三二模测试)
    it is a beloved family member ______ well‑being connects the city’s past and future.
    答案:whose
    解析:whose引导定语从句,表所属关系“它的健康状况”。

     

  • 资料干货 | 可下载!高中文言文必须吃透的100个核心实词

    一、 人物品评与行为 (25个)

    实词
    核心义项
    例句
    1. 善
    ①擅长 ②好
    京中有善口技者(《口技》)
    2. 恶
    ①厌恶 ②坏
    死亦我所恶(《鱼我所欲也》)
    3. 耻
    以……为耻
    不耻下问(《论语》)
    4. 疾
    ①痛恨 ②快 ③疾病
    必为有窃疾矣(《公输》)
    5. 伐
    ①讨伐 ②夸耀
    伐

    无道,诛暴秦(《陈涉世家》)
    6. 讽
    委婉劝谏
    邹忌讽齐王纳谏(《邹忌讽齐王纳谏》)
    7. 谏
    直言规劝
    上书谏寡人者(同上)
    8. 谤
    公开指责过失
    能谤讥于市朝(同上)
    9. 许
    ①答应 ②赞同 ③表约数
    杂然相许(《愚公移山》)
    10. 让
    责备
    平原君让魏公子曰(《信陵君窃符救赵》)
    11. 怜
    ①怜爱 ②怜悯
    楚人怜之(《陈涉世家》)
    12. 矜
    ①怜悯 ②庄重
    犹蒙矜育(《陈情表》)
    13. 堪
    ①经得起 ②能够
    众不能堪(《五人墓碑记》)
    14. 尤
    ①尤其 ②责怪
    怨天尤人(《论语》)
    15. 比
    ①并列 ②等到 ③比较
    其两膝相比者(《核舟记》)
    16. 效
    ①效仿 ②效果 ③献出
    恐托付不效(《出师表》)
    17. 责
    ①要求 ②责备
    则责攸之、祎、允等之慢(《出师表》)
    18. 咎
    ①过失 ②责怪
    则或咎其欲出者(《游褒禅山记》)
    19. 谢
    ①道歉 ②感谢 ③辞别
    长跪而谢之曰(《唐雎不辱使命》)
    20. 遣
    ①派遣 ②送走 ③休(妻)
    太守即遣人随其往(《桃花源记》)
    21. 畏
    害怕,敬畏
    后生可畏(《论语》)
    22. 慕
    仰慕
    徒慕君之高义也(《廉颇蔺相如列传》)
    23. 期
    ①约定 ②期望 ③满一年
    期

    年之后(《邹忌讽齐王纳谏》)
    24. 延
    ①邀请 ②蔓延 ③延长
    余人各复延至其家(《桃花源记》)
    25. 却
    ①击退 ②后退
    相如因持璧却立(《廉颇蔺相如列传》)

     

    二、 政治与社会 (20个)

    实词
    核心义项
    例句
    26. 治
    ①治理 ②安定
    萧何治未央宫(《史记》)
    27. 乱
    ①扰乱 ②无秩序
    无丝竹之乱耳(《陋室铭》)
    28. 兵
    ①兵器 ②军队 ③战争
    收天下之兵(《过秦论》)
    29. 卒
    ①士兵 ②最终 ③死
    卒

    买鱼烹食(《陈涉世家》)
    30. 乘
    ①驾车 ②登 ③四
    虽乘奔御风(《三峡》)
    31. 赋
    ①赋税 ②征收 ③文体
    更若役,复若赋(《捕蛇者说》)
    32. 狱
    ①案件 ②监狱
    小大之狱(《曹刿论战》)
    33. 案
    ①几案 ②考察
    取案上器击伤夫人(《记王忠肃公翱事》)
    34. 固
    ①坚固 ②本来 ③巩固
    固国不以山溪之险(《得道多助》)
    35. 朝
    ①朝廷 ②朝见 ③早晨
    皆朝于齐(《邹忌讽齐王纳谏》)
    36. 除
    ①台阶 ②授予官职 ③清除
    除臣洗马(《陈情表》)
    37. 拜
    ①授予官职 ②叩拜
    拜相如为上大夫(《廉颇蔺相如列传》)
    38. 迁
    ①调动 ②贬谪 ③升迁
    左迁九江郡司马(《琵琶行》)
    39. 徙
    迁移,调职
    所居之官辄积年不徙(《张衡传》)
    40. 荫
    封建时代子孙因先代官爵受封
    荫子封妻(《滕王阁序》)
    41. 辟
    ①征召 ②开辟
    连辟公府不就(《张衡传》)
    42. 谪
    贬官
    滕子京谪守巴陵郡(《岳阳楼记》)
    43. 黜
    罢免官职
    屈平既黜(《屈原列传》)
    44. 擢
    提拔
    擢为后将军(《汉书》)
    45. 贡
    ①进贡 ②推荐
    贡

    之不入,寡君之罪也(《左传》)

    三、 思想与情态 (15个)

    实词
    核心义项
    例句
    46. 志
    ①志向 ②记 ③标志
    便扶向路,处处志之(《桃花源记》)
    47. 度
    ①估计 ②度过 ③衡量
    孤不度德量力(《隆中对》)
    48. 患
    ①祸患 ②担忧
    故患有所不辟也(《鱼我所欲也》)
    49. 虞
    ①预料 ②欺骗
    尔虞我诈
    50. 诚
    ①确实 ②如果 ③真心
    帝感其诚(《愚公移山》)
    51. 殆
    ①危险 ②大概
    思而不学则殆(《论语》)
    52. 戚
    ①悲伤 ②亲属
    不戚戚于贫贱(《五柳先生传》)
    53. 吊
    ①慰问 ②哀悼
    人皆吊之(《塞翁失马》)
    54. 恃
    依靠,依赖
    子何恃而往(《为学》)
    55. 庸
    ①难道 ②平庸
    夫庸知其年之先后生于吾乎(《师说》)
    56. 苟
    ①如果 ②苟且
    苟全性命于乱世(《出师表》)
    57. 宁
    ①难道 ②宁可
    王侯将相宁有种乎(《陈涉世家》)
    58. 殆
    ①几乎 ②危险
    且燕赵处秦革灭殆尽之际(《六国论》)
    59. 讵
    难道,哪里
    讵知非福(《塞翁失马》)
    60. 庶
    ①希望 ②众多 ③平民
    庶竭驽钝(《出师表》)

    四、 经济与生活 (15个)

    实词
    核心义项
    例句
    61. 资
    ①资助 ②资质 ③积蓄
    此殆天所以资将军(《隆中对》)
    62. 贾
    ①商人 ②价格
    贾人夏则资皮(《勾践灭吴》)
    63. 市
    ①市场 ②买
    愿为市鞍马(《木兰诗》)
    64. 质
    ①抵押 ②本质 ③询问
    必以长安君为质(《触龙说赵太后》)
    65. 币
    ①礼物 ②货币
    厚币委质事楚(《屈原列传》)
    66. 沽
    ①买 ②卖
    待价而沽
    67. 赂
    ①赠送财物 ②贿赂
    弊在赂秦(《六国论》)
    68. 假
    ①借 ②凭借 ③如果
    每假借于藏书之家(《送东阳马生序》)
    69. 贷
    ①借出 ②宽恕
    责无旁贷
    70. 偿
    ①偿还 ②抵偿
    得不偿失
    71. 庸
    ①受雇 ②平庸
    若为庸耕(《陈涉世家》)
    72. 直
    ①同“值” ②仅
    系向牛头充炭直(《卖炭翁》)
    73. 赢
    ①盈利 ②获得
    操其奇赢(《论贵粟疏》)
    74. 匮
    缺乏
    子子孙孙无穷匮也(《愚公移山》)
    75. 阙
    ①缺点 ②宫殿 ③缺少
    裨补阙漏(《出师表》)

     

    五、 时间与空间 (15个)

    实词
    核心义项
    例句
    76. 寻
    ①不久 ②寻找 ③长度单位
    寻病终(《桃花源记》)
    77. 俄
    不久
    俄而雪骤(《咏雪》)
    78. 旋
    ①随即 ②转动
    旋见一白首督印度卒约百人(《冯婉贞》)
    79. 顷
    ①短时间 ②百亩
    食顷,帘动(《促织》)
    80. 曩
    从前
    曩与吾祖居者(《捕蛇者说》)
    81. 旦
    ①早晨 ②第二天
    旦辞爷娘去(《木兰诗》)
    82. 暮
    傍晚,晚年
    朝晖夕阴,气象万千(《岳阳楼记》)
    83. 期
    ①满一年 ②日期
    期年之后(《邹忌讽齐王纳谏》)
    84. 朔
    ①农历初一 ②北方
    朝菌不知晦朔(《逍遥游》)
    85. 晦
    ①农历月末 ②昏暗
    风雨如晦
    86. 阳
    ①山的南面,水的北面
    所谓华山洞者,以其乃华山之阳名之也(《游褒禅山记》)
    87. 阴
    ①山的北面,水的南面
    达于汉阴(《愚公移山》)
    88. 际
    ①边 ②时候 ③交接
    横无际涯(《岳阳楼记》)
    89. 滨
    水边
    率妻子邑人来此绝境,不复出焉(《桃花源记》)
    90. 津
    ①渡口 ②滋润
    后遂无问津者(《桃花源记》)

    六、 其他核心动词 (10个)

    实词
    核心义项
    例句
    91. 次
    ①编次 ②驻扎 ③次序
    陈胜吴广皆次当行(《陈涉世家》)
    92. 就
    ①接近 ②完成
    金就砺则利(《劝学》)
    93. 亡
    ①逃跑 ②失去 ③灭亡
    今亡亦死(《陈涉世家》)
    94. 徒
    ①仅 ②同类人 ③空
    郯子之徒,其贤不及孔子(《师说》)
    95. 微
    ①如果没有 ②微小
    微斯人,吾谁与归(《岳阳楼记》)
    96. 素
    ①白色 ②向来
    吴广素爱人(《陈涉世家》)
    97. 克
    ①能够 ②战胜
    克终者盖寡(《谏太宗十思疏》)
    98. 堪
    ①经得起 ②能够
    不堪吏人妇(《孔雀东南飞》)
    99. 绝
    ①断绝 ②横渡 ③极
    绝江河(《劝学》)
    100. 适
    ①到……去 ②恰好 ③女子出嫁
    余自齐安舟行适临汝(《石钟山记》)

     

  • 2026年高考,会不会考“长征精神”?怎么考呢?

    如果问2026年高考作文最热的主题是什么,一定非“长征精神”莫属。各学校、教辅机构在考前“押题”也好“预测”也好,关于“长征精神”的资料一定是最多的。但是历年高考也有“大热必死”的情况出现,考生们对某几个热点准备得越充分,期望值就越大,而一旦到了考场上发现高考作文没考,实际上失落感越强,颇有“那么多心血白准备了”的感觉。
    所以这段时间有几个朋友及高三学生问我:2026年高考会不会考“长征精神”?实际上这就是一种焦虑的体现,投入的时间精力热情越大,越怕不考了白白浪费。
    我的回答是:一定会考,但未必是明考,也有可能是暗考。
    所谓明考,就是材料中直接出现与“长征”相关的材料,或者是一段长征故事,或是伟人的长征诗词,或是相关人员的长征回忆,或是学者研究长征的资料……学生直接看材料就可以确定自己的写作主题。这种考法就是绝大多数考生认为的“考到了”,也是所有的教辅类资料所看重的“押中高考题”的情况。
    所谓暗考,就是就是材料中不直接出现与“长征”相关的材料,但考生只要稍作联想、勾连、拓展、迁移就很容易与“长征精神”结合。比如材料提到“十五五开局年”,学生就要自行回忆“一五”,从“一五”到“十五五”,时间之“长”,攻坚克难犹如“征”;比如材料只提到“横竖都是世界第一”,考生就要能自己勾连起同在贵州的沪定桥,非常自然地就能写到“飞夺沪定桥”……
    我所说的“一定会考”就基于这两种情况,而对于大多数考生而言,“联想、钩连、拓展、迁移”等能力是相对欠缺的,如果出现“暗考”的情况,就可能会在考场上出现一种失落甚至沮丧情绪——准备了那么多“长征”的资料都白瞎了。
    高三考生一定要清楚,今年的热考点并不是“长征”,而是“长征精神”,精神是抽象的,但可以作用于不同时空的人与事上;而具体的“长征”,只是1934年10月至1936年10月的红一、二、四方面军,只要想落实到现实、当下,一定能从“长征精神”中找到力量源泉。所以在最后不到一个月的时间中,考生在准备“长征精神”时一定一定要把重点放在“长征精神”与当下建设成就、文化现象、青年责任、发展趋势的结合上。具体说来有以下建议:
    临门一脚:热点问题与查漏补缺(教师版)_02.png

     

    一、重点关注2026年1月到6月重点时事,包括但不限于政治、军事、经济、文化等方面的人与事,从中筛选出能体现发展趋势、建设成就、青年精神、文化力量、国际视野等特色的人物事件;

    二、将这些重点人物事件详细列表,从中提炼与“长征精神”内容相通的角度,比如“张雪机车”在顶级机车赛事中连连夺冠,常规角度写“热爱”,难以与“长征精神”结合,但如果写“坚韧”,就能关联了;

    三、重点打造若干能一材多用的精品语段,这些精品语段就是一个素材“模块”,可以涵盖多个写作角度,现场替换若干关键词就可适用于不同的写作主题,比如“四渡赤水出奇兵”,可以写领导人的雄才伟略,可以写红军超强的执行力,可以写红军的主观能动性……

    四、行文中,如果可能的话体现了下跨学科融合的成果,像“毛乌素沙漠成绿洲”的新闻提法,从地理学科的角度看,“沙漠”不如“沙地”精确;塔克拉玛干沙漠“锁绿边”的巨大成果,与历史、地理、生物等学科都有联系……尽可能给阅卷老师一种印象——此考生博闻强记、见多识广、文理兼通,不是死学死记

    五、努力做到“三大文化”的有机结合。就是要将优秀传统文化、革命文化与社会主义进行文化结合起来,从优秀传统文化中找精神源头,从革命文化(如“长征精神”)中找淬炼过程,从社会主义先进文化中找验证成果,这样可以让作文有积极健康向上,文化性与时代性结合。

     

    下面以唐山二模作文“仁”为例来说明:
    (202604,唐山市第二次模拟考试作文)
    阅读下面的材料,根据要求写作。
    图片
    以上材料引发了你怎样的联想和思考?请写一篇文章。
    在此作文题中,“仁”可解为“二人”,即推己及人;也可解为“天地人”,即爱天地众生。“爱天地众生”,我们可以解读成为“济苍生”“为人民服务”的伟大情怀,优秀传统文化有曾子的“士不可以不弘毅,任重而道远。任以为己任,不亦重乎?”有范仲淹的“先天下之忧而忧,后天下之乐而乐”等警句;革命文化有长征路上三位女红军送给穷人的“半条棉被”,有王震将军翻越天山、屯垦戍边的壮举;社会主义先进文化有向台湾游客介绍“不是天山容易打通,天山那边有人民”的导游迪丽努尔,有六年时间打通天山隧道的建设者们……精选这些材料并融合运用,便可能得到下面语段:
    曾子曰:“士不可以不弘毅,任重而道远。任以为己任,不亦重乎?”中华优秀传统文化深植守土有责、心系万民的家国大义,仁者爱人,更爱这片热土上的千万万人民。长征路上三位女红军要将仅有的一条棉被剪一半送给穷苦人家,这是仁心;解放初期王震将军率军翻越天山、屯垦戍边保边疆安全,这是仁心;“不是天山容易打通,天山那边有人民”,因为人民需要,无数建设者用五年时间生生打通20多公里天山隧道,更是仁心!古代仁人有弘毅之志,铁血长征有温柔仁心,今天的建设者以及各岗位上的爱国青年,皆以一个“仁”字铸就了守护家国的精神丰碑。
    如何用同样的方式来一材多用“黄文秀”素材?牺牲在脱贫攻坚的路上,算不是一位英勇的战士?“脱贫攻坚”本质上是“为人民服务”的具体表现,是不是和长征路上“半条棉被”精神相通?“脱贫”事业作为一项一代代人接力赓续的事业,算不算“长”,要克服一个又一个难关,像不像长征路上的“娄山关”“腊子口”?“文秀月季”的出现,是不是“死而不亡者寿”“有人死了,他还活着”的当下阐释?这样一联系,就会发现优秀传统文化、革命文化与社会主义先进文化真的是可以在作文中融而为一地运用出来的。
    提醒一下考生:“长征精神”无论明考还是暗考,都不要指望考前“背语段”“背范文”能得高分,你手里拿到的资料是同时发售给千千万万考生的,你能背下来无数考生也能。能分出高下的,一定是对已有资料的深度挖掘与个性化运用,从别人不注意的细节处发现精髓,从别人看不出联系的个体间建立有机关联,从别人平淡叙述的地方融入人文情怀……
    这些,才是你语文素养的真正体现!

    说完了方向,咱们聊聊最后二十天具体怎么查漏补缺。你前面已经把“明考”“暗考”拆得很细了,也提醒了别指望背语段拿高分。那剩下的时间,高三师生到底该做什么、不该做什么,才能把“长征精神”这个热点真正转化成考场上能用的东西,又不至于白费力气?

    先给老师一个建议:最后这段时间,别再给学生发新的“长征精神”资料包了。你想想,到了五月底,学生抽屉里关于长征的素材少说也有十几页——领导金句、故事汇编、时政案例、模拟范文……这时候再发新的,学生只会越看越慌,觉得“我是不是还漏了什么”。不如带着学生做一件事:把手头已有的资料“减到一张纸”。怎么减?把之前收集的所有素材,按你前面提到的“优秀传统文化、革命文化、社会主义先进文化”三条线,各自挑出一两个最打动自己的、最能跟当下结合的例子,剩下的一律划掉。这不叫偷懒,这叫“聚焦”。高考考场上能用上的,从来不是你记得最多的那个素材,而是你理解最深、最有话说的那个。

    对学生来说,最后二十天最怕的其实不是“背不完”,而是“不会用”。很多学生背了一大堆,一到写作文就不知道从哪句开始。我教你一个笨办法,也是最快的办法——每天晚上花十分钟,拿一张白纸,随便写一个作文题(可以是模考考过的,也可以是你自己编的),然后用你减出来的那张纸上的素材,硬着头皮把这个题目“套”一遍。注意,不是真写八百字,而是只写思路:开头打算怎么引,中间打算在哪一段用哪个素材,用了之后怎么往回扣题。比如你手上有“半条棉被”和“黄文秀”,那就逼自己想想:如果题目是“温度”,这两个素材能不能用?如果题目是“选择”呢?如果题目是“传承”呢?这样练上十天,你再看任何题目,脑子里就不会一片空白了——你会本能地想起那两三个你反复练过的故事,然后迅速找到它们和题目的连接点。

    还有一个特别容易被忽视的事:审题训练。你前面提到“暗考”的时候,学生最怕的就是材料里没有“长征”两个字,自己不敢写。这个问题怎么解决?最后二十天,老师可以带着学生做一组“找茬”练习——把近两年的高考作文题和各地模考题拿出来,不看任何参考答案,只让学生自己判断:这道题的材料里,有没有“长征精神”的暗示?比如材料里出现“路”“跋涉”“翻越”“艰难”“信念”“火种”这些词,算不算暗示?再比如材料里提到某个历史事件、某个英雄人物,虽然没有明说长征,但那种“在绝境中求生存”的精神内核是不是相通的?练几次之后,学生就会发现,所谓“暗考”其实没那么暗——只要你把长征精神理解透了,很多题目都能找到那条看不见的线。

    最后想跟考生说几句实在话。到了这个时候,别再纠结“万一不考怎么办”了。你前面准备的那些东西,不管是长征精神的故事、还是你从别的热点里提炼的思考,都不会白费。因为高考作文说到底考的不是你对某个事件知道多少,而是你看问题的角度和深度。哪怕最后材料里一个字都没提长征,你脑子里那种“从困境中寻找出路”“把个人选择放到时代背景下思考”的习惯,也一定会让你的作文比别人厚那么一点点。

    还有二十天,别把自己逼得太紧。每天练一道审题,每天读一篇好文章(不一定是范文,报纸上的社论、人物通讯都可以),保持手感就够了。到了考场上,看到材料先别慌,慢慢读,找到那个让你心里一动的地方——那往往就是你跟长征精神最自然的连接点。

    信自己,也信这九十年的风,吹到今天,还没停。

    临门一脚:热点问题与查漏补缺(教师版)_03.png
    临门一脚:热点问题与查漏补缺(教师版)_05.png

     

    临门一脚:热点问题与查漏补缺(教师版)_12.png
    临门一脚:热点问题与查漏补缺(教师版)_33.png

     

  • 2020-2026高考读后续写6大升华主题及核心短语、词汇、句式大全(附真题例句及可引用谚语)

    高考读后续写的核心是传递积极向上的正能量,无论是助人、成长、亲情还是团队合作,结尾都要回到“美好、温暖、希望”;文中谚语选取了历年高考范文和备考资料中使用频率最高的表达,可以根据实际情况灵活调用。

    一、助人为乐型

    (Kindness & Helping Others)

    核心词汇

    kindness / gratitude / warmth /generosity /goodwill善意/感激/温暖/慷慨/善意

    核心短语

    act of kindness / reach out / lend a helping hand / make a difference / pass on love / pay it forward善举/伸出援手/帮助/有影响/传递爱/传递善意

    升华句式

    From then on, I would try my best to pass on “love” to others.A small act of kindness can make a huge difference.从那时起,我决定把爱传递下去。一个小小的善举也能带来巨大的改变。

    可搭配使用的谚语

    Roses given, fragrance in hands. / Rose given and fragrance in hands.
    赠人玫瑰,手留余香。
    帮助他人后自己也感到快乐
    You reap what you sow.
    种瓜得瓜;善有善报。好人有好报
    One good turn deserves another.
    善有善报。善意的传递
    Kindness is the language which the deaf can hear and the blind can see.
    善良是聋人能听见、盲人能看见的语言。
    赞颂善良的力量
    What goes around comes around.
    善有善报,恶有恶报。因果报应
    历年高考例证
    2024年新高考I&II卷(现金不足无法支付车费后承诺还款——陌生人善意),2021年新高考I&II卷(双胞胎为母亲做早餐——家庭善意),2020年新高考卷(三个孩子帮助贫困家庭孩子——同伴善意)。

    二、个人成长型

    (Personal Growth)

    核心词汇

    growth / change / transformation / courage / determination / perseverance / confidence / wisdom成长/改变 / 蜕变 / 勇气 / 决心 / 毅力 / 自信 / 智慧

    核心短语

    overcome difficulties / face challenges / step out of comfort zone / believe in oneself / realize one‘s potential / learn a lesson克服困难 / 面对挑战 / 走出舒适区 / 相信自己 / 发挥潜力 / 学到教训

    升华句式

    The journey to success is full of challenges, but as long as we don’t give up, we will surely achieve our goals. / Never give up no matter what happens, no matter how hopeless.成功的路上充满挑战,但只要不放弃,就一定能实现目标。/ 无论发生什么,无论多么绝望,都不要放弃。

    可搭配使用的谚语

    Where there is a will, there is a way.有志者事竟成。坚持梦想、克服困难
    No pains, no gains.
    没有付出就没有收获。努力终有回报
    Constant dripping wears away a stone.
     水滴石穿,绳锯木断。持之以恒
    Every cloud has a silver lining.
    黑暗中总有一线光明。逆境中看到希望
    There is always light at the end of the tunnel.隧道尽头总有光明。坚持就有希望
    A journey of a thousand miles begins with a single step.
    千里之行,始于足下。从点滴做起
    Failure is the mother of success.
    失败是成功之母。失败中成长
    The darkest hour is that before the dawn.
    黎明之前是最黑暗的时刻。坚持到最后一刻
    Life is full of smiles and tears. Only by accepting both can we enjoy our life.生活充满了微笑和泪水,只有接受两者,我们才能享受生活的美好。 积极面对人生
    历年高考例证
    2023年新高考I&II卷(中学生参加写作比赛获奖——自我突破),2022年新高考I&II卷(残疾学生David参加越野赛——毅力抗争),2024年浙江1月卷(适应新环境与心理调适)。

    三、亲情主题型(Family Love)

    核心词汇

    family bond / love / warmth / support / companion / gratitude
    亲情纽带 / 爱 / 温暖 / 支持 / 陪伴 / 感激

    核心短语

    treasure every moment / unconditional love / be there for sb / a shoulder to cry on / family matters most珍惜每一刻 / 无条件的爱 / 陪伴 / 依靠 / 家人最重要

    升华句式

    I realized that family matters the most in the world. / I will treasure it with all my heart forever. / Without her in my life, I would have no idea whether I could make such a success. 我意识到家人才是世界上最重要的。/ 我会永远用心珍惜。/ 如果我的生活中没有她,我不知道能否取得这样的成功。

    可搭配使用的谚语

    Family and friends are hidden treasures.
    家庭和朋友是隐藏的财富。赞颂亲情与友情
    Family love is the greatest gift in life.家人的爱是生命中最大的礼物。歌颂亲情
    Family is to us what harbor is to ships. 
    家庭之于我们就像港口之于船只。家是港湾
    Home is where the heart is.
    家是心之所向。思家爱家
    Blood is thicker than water.
    血浓于水。亲情至上
    There is no place like home.
    没有一个地方像家一样。家的温暖
    历年高考例证
    2021年新高考I&II卷(双胞胎为母亲准备母亲节惊喜),2025年1月八省联考卷(人与社会主题),体现了亲情主题的连续性。

    四、克服困难型

    (Overcoming Hardships)

    核心词汇

    hope/optimism /resilience/strength/persistence/endurance/breakthrough 
    希望/乐观/韧性/ 力量/坚持/忍耐/突破

    核心短语

    weather the storm / get through tough times / rise above challenges / stay strong / keep faith / see the light渡过难关/挺过困难/克服挑战/保持坚强/保持信念/看到光明。

    升华句式

    Determination and optimism are what it takes to conquer your fear and accomplish your goal. / Attitude is more important than facts. We cannot change the past, but we can hold a positive attitude.战胜恐惧和实现目标需要决心和乐观。/ 态度比事实更重要。我们不能改变过去,但可以保持积极的态度。

    可搭配使用的谚语

    God helps those who help themselves.
    自助者天助。自救者得救
    After hardship comes happiness.
    苦尽甘来。经历苦难终得幸福
    There are no shortcuts to any place worth going.
    任何值得去的地方都没有捷径。成功无捷径
    Life is not a bed of roses. 
    人生并非铺满玫瑰。面对现实的困难
    When life gives you lemons, make lemonade.
    当生活给你柠檬,就做柠檬汁。积极转化困境
    The only way out is through.唯一的出路就是穿越。面对困难勇往直前
    历年高考例证
    2022年新高考I&II卷(David参加越野跑),2020年7月浙江卷(与北极熊脱险),2023年2月四省联考(人与自然类)。

    五、人与自然型

    (Human & Nature)

    核心词汇

    harmony / respect / protection / co-existence / nature / creature / wilderness
    和谐/尊重/保护/共存 /自然 / 生物 /荒野

    核心短语

    live in harmony with nature / protect the environment / care for living creatures / respect all life forms / the beauty of nature 
    与自然和谐相处/保护环境/关爱生灵 /尊重所有生命/自然之美

    升华句式

    The encounter with the little creature was like an everlasting flower, blossoming in the river of my memory. / We should cherish every living being on this planet.与小生物的相遇就像记忆之河中一朵绽放的永恒之花。/ 我们应该珍惜地球上的每一个生灵。

    可搭配使用的谚语

    Nature is the art of God
    自然是上帝的艺术。赞颂自然之美
    We do not inherit the earth from our ancestors; 
    we borrow it from our children.
    地球不是我们从祖先那里继承来的,而是从子孙那里借来的。环保责任
    When you realize the value of all life, you dwell less on what is past and concentrate more on the preservation of the future. 当你认识到所有生命价值时,你会更关注于未来保护而非过去。保护生命的意义
    历年高考例证
    2023年浙江1月卷(救助被困蜂鸟),2020年7月浙江卷(北极熊脱险),2024年1月九省联考卷(人与自然),体现了人与自然主题的持续考查。

    六、团队合作型

    (Teamwork & Friendship)

    核心词汇

    friendship / cooperation / unity / support / trust / teamwork / collective effort
    友谊 / 合作/ 团结 / 支持 / 信任 / 团队合作 / 集体力量

    核心短语

    work together / pull together / unite as one / rely on each other / mutual support / strength in numbers 
    一起工作 / 齐心协力 / 团结一致 / 相互依靠 / 相互支持 /众志成城

    升华句式

    From this project, we also learned the significance of teammates. / One person can go fast, but a group of persons can travel farther.从这个项目中,我们也了解到队友的重要性。/一个人可以走得快,但一群人可以走得更远。

    可搭配使用的谚语

    Unity is strength. 团结就是力量。合作共赢
    Together everyone achieves more. (TEAM) 团队成就更多。团队合作
    Many hands make light work. 众人拾柴火焰高。多人协作效率高
    Two heads are better than one. 
    三个臭皮匠赛过诸葛亮。集思广益
    A friend in need is a friend indeed. 
    患难见真情。真朋友在困难时显现
    True friendship is not about being inseparable; it‘s being separated and nothing changes. 
    真正的友谊不是形影不离,而是隔开多远都不会改变。歌颂深厚的友谊
    历年高考例证
    2022年1月浙江卷读后续写真题直接考查了团队合作主题。该考题明确要求学生感悟“一个人可以走得很快,但一群人可以走得更远”的合作精神。

    考场直接调用

    助人pass on kindness / make a difference / small act of kindness Roses
    given, fragrance in hands.
    成长overcome difficulties / never give up / believe in oneself
    Where there is a will, there is a way. / No pains, no gains.
    亲情family bond / treasure love / unconditional love
    Family is to us what harbor is to ships.
    友谊rely on each other / mutual support / teamwork
    Unity is strength. / A friend in need is a friend indeed.
    困难weather the storm / get through / rise above
    Every cloud has a silver lining. / After hardship comes happiness.
    自然live in harmony with nature / cherish life    Nature is the art of God.

    谚语使用小贴士

    1.助人型主题:用“Roses given, fragrance in hands”结尾,直接呼应“帮助他人自己也快乐”的主题。
    2.成长型主题:用“Where there is a will, there is a way”收尾,强调坚持就是胜利。情景允许时,可用“No pains, no gains”强调努力。
    3.亲情型主题:用“Family is to us what harbor is to ships”明喻结构高级且温暖。
    4.合作/友谊型主题:用“Unity is strength。”简洁有力;“One person can go fast, but a group can go farther”是真题直接考查过的名人名言(2022年1月浙江卷)。
    5.困难/逆境型主题:用“Every cloud has a silver lining”或“After hardship comes happiness”表达历经坎坷终见光明积极态度。
    免费获取方式:
    将本公众号欲领取内

     

    【读后续写升级3.0版:“二段十句六定新法”】近五年续写真题几乎均可直接套用的10大“母版公式句”(附2020-2025高考真题例句)
    近5年高考真题几乎都适用的10大应用文写作“母版句”(附2020-2026年50个真题句例证)
    读后续写提分“最强公式”:历年真题范文提炼20个母版句,让续写瞬间出彩

     

     

  • 【2026高考在即,单词来不及背,阅读分数上不来咋办?】历年高考真题阅读理解必考卡点:“同义替换”2020-2025年真题演绎

    先问一个扎心的问题:明明把那句话读懂了,为什么题目还是选错了?大概率不是因为不认识单词,而是因为原文说的是“odd”,选项写的是“unusual”;原文说的是“engaging”,选项写的是“hold students‘ attention”。如只是“认得”单词,却看不穿出题人换了个马甲重新说了同一件事,那读得再懂也没用,这就是阅读理解里最凶狠的考点:“同义替换”。
    这篇文章基于近5年高考全国卷细节题考查规律,搜罗了50组最高频的真题同义替换词,覆盖形容词、动词、名词、副词和反义转述,配真题原句和来源年份。看完你能直观看到出题人“换说法的几种招数”,直接拿来用,无需死记硬背。
    新粉涨分推荐
    【读后续写升级3.0版:“二段十句六定新法”】近五年续写真题几乎均可直接套用的10大“母版公式句”(附2020-2025高考真题例句)

    一、形容词之间的同义替换

    1. unusual → odd(不寻常的;奇怪的)

    If he seems a little defensive, it might be because even some of his coworkers occasionally laugh at his unusual methods.【2024新高考I卷B篇】
    题目问:What do some of Farber’s coworkers think of him?
    A. He‘s odd. B. He’s strict. 
    C. He‘s brave. D. He’s rude.
    正确答案选A。原文的“unusual”到选项的“odd”,同义替换,意思完全一致。本题在2024年新高考I卷中完美对应。
    核心总结:unusual ↔ odd
    (形容词同义替换)

    2. not so serious → lightly

    (不严肃 —— 轻率地)

    According to this theory, people approach digital texts with a mindset suited to social media, which are often not so serious, and devote less mental effort than when they are reading print.【2024新高考I卷C篇】
    题目问:What does the shallowing hypothesis assume?
    A. Readers treat digital texts lightly. 
    B. Digital texts are simpler to understand. 
    C. People select digital texts randomly. 
    D. Digital texts are suitable for social media.
    正确答案选A。原文的否定短语“not so serious”正好对应形容词“light”的副词“lightly”,语义相同。
    核心总结:not so serious ↔ lightly
    (短语/副词同义转换)

    3. essential → required

    (必要的——必需的)

    A torch along with suitable clothing is essential for walking in the dark.【2024新高考II卷A篇】
    题目问:What are participants in Walk 3 required to do?
    正确答案是“wear proper clothes”,而原文信息是通过“essential(必要的)”来传达的,换种角度就是“required(被要求)”。这体现了同义替换中“转化表达方式”的特点——用形容词表“必须”,在选项中用动词表“被要求”。
    核心总结:
    essential ↔ required
    形容词与被动动词的强调目标同义转换

    4. accessible and informative → 

    down-to-earth(易懂且信息丰富:接地气的)

    She writes from the practical angle of a businessperson rather than as an academic, making for a guide which is highly accessible and informative…【2024新高考II卷D篇】
    What is a feature of AI by Design?
    B. It adopts a down-to-earth writing style.
    原文“accessible and informative”(好懂而且内容丰富)和选项“down-to-earth”(接地气的)虽然不是一个词,但是表达的语感一模一样——没什么高高在上的学术架子。这就是出题人最拿手的方式:一个简单形容词覆盖原文好几层意思。
    核心总结:
    accessible and informative ↔ down-to-earth(短语与概括性形容词的同义转换)

    5. unaccompanied → alone

    (无人陪同的——独自的)

    Children are not allowed unaccompanied in all areas of the Museum.
    【2022新高考II卷A篇】
    What are children prohibited from doing at the Museum?
    答案D:Exploring the place alone.
    “unaccompanied”在原文中表示“没有被大人陪同”,选项里直接换成了“alone”(独自),意思一模一样,非常干净的形容词同义替换。
    核心总结:unaccompanied ↔ alone
    (形容词同义替换)

    二、动词之间的同义替换

    6. engaging → hold one‘s attention

    (吸引人的——抓住注意力)

    Audio and video can feel more engaging than text, and so university teachers increasingly turn to these technologies.【2024新高考I卷C篇】
    Why are audio and video increasingly used by university teachers?
    A. They can hold students’ attention.
    原文“engaging”(很吸引人)和选项“hold students‘ attention”(抓住学生的注意力)意思完全一致。你可能看原文的“engaging”时心里想的是“有吸引力的”,看到选项的“hold attention”就不知道它俩是一回事儿了,这恰恰是出题人用归纳概括来同义替换典型手法。
    核心总结:engaging ↔ hold sb’s attention(形容词与动词短语的同义转述)

    7. prevent → prohibit(阻止——禁止)

    原文在描述一种机制时提到了“prevent”。2022年新高考II卷A篇考查prevent与prohibit的反义复现关系,四个选项中有一个被排除的就是prohibit,原文逻辑从“prevent”推导出近义锁定正确答案。
    核心总结:
    prevent ↔ prohibit(动词同义替换)

    8. focus → concentrate

    (集中精力于——全神贯注于)

    2021年全国乙卷第32题,原文用的是“focus”,正确选项直接换成“concentrate”。
    说白了,“集中在……上”这个意思,在高考题里几乎每年都会换着花样考。你背一个focus,但得认得它会换成concentrate、center on这些兄弟词-。
    核心总结:
    focus ↔ concentrate(动词同义替换)

    9. promote → advance(促进——推进)

    In the latest UN report…despite great advances in nutrition science, the number of undernourished people in the world has been rising.【2023北京卷】
    文章用“advances”指代进步,但如果是动词替换的话,“promote”(促进)和“advance”(推进/促进)经常在阅读里来回套用,定位这类同义替换要格外注意。
    核心总结:promote ↔ advance
    动词同义替换

    三、名词之间的同义替换

    10. worry → concern(担忧——关切)

    原文讲的是某个情绪,正确选项用concern替换了worry。高考特别喜欢拿这种抽象名词做文章:两个词不是一模一样,但表达的担心和焦虑是同款。
    核心总结:
    worry ↔ concern(名词同义替换)

    11. influence → impact(影响——影响)

    原文用的influence,正确选项用的impact。这是名词替换里最高频的一组,阅读里几乎每年都能碰上。
    核心总结:
    influence ↔ impact(名词同义替换)

    12. problem → issue(问题——议题)

    原文用的problem,正确选项替换成了issue。
    核心总结:
    problem ↔ issue(名词同义替换)

    13. chance → opportunity(机会——机会)

    表达“机会”这个意思,原文可能用chance,正确选项一定换成opportunity。出题人乐于玩这种近义替换-。
    核心总结:
    chance ↔ opportunity(名词同义替换)

    14. barrier → difficulty(障碍——困难)

    2024年新高考I卷中,原文用“barrier”(障碍),某一个正确选项在语义上紧扣“difficulty/obstacle”来表达相似意义。
    核心总结:
    barrier ↔ difficulty ↔ obstacle
    (名词同义替换)

    15. lack → be short of(短缺——缺乏)

    2020年全国I卷第33题有一道经典同义替换:原文用的是“be short of”,正确选项把同样的短缺意思换成了“lack”。
    核心总结:lack ↔ be short of
    (名词与短语的同义替换)

    16. initiative → measure(举措——措施)

    2025年新高考I卷在讨论环保方案时,原文使用了“initiative”,正确选项用“measure”做同义替换。
    核心总结:
    initiative ↔ measure(名词同义替换)

    17. link → connection(联系关联)

    2022年北京卷用“link”指联系,正确选项用了“connection”一词,考查中心名词替换能力。
    核心总结:
    link ↔ connection(名词同义替换)

    四、反义同义转换(正话反说)

    18. dressed inappropriately 

    → wear proper clothes

    穿得不合适 → 穿合适的衣服

    Those who are dressed inappropriately will be refused permission to participate.【2024新高考II卷A篇】
    题目问:What are participants in Walk 3 required to do?
    正确答案:A. Wear proper clothes.
    出题人用的是“反话正说”的思路。原文说“穿得不合适就不让参加”,这不就等于“参加就必须穿合适的衣服”吗?考试时你看原文说的是“不合适”三个字,而正确答案恰好用了“合适的衣服”,这叫做反义转换。
    核心总结:dressed inappropriately → wear proper clothes(反义转述)

    19. refused permission to participate → allowed to join(拒绝参与 → 允许加入)

    直接跟着上面第18条的例子继续看,被拒绝和允许加入是对天然反义逻辑转换。
    核心总结:refused permission ↔ allowed to join(反义逻辑转述)

    20. avoid → embrace

    (避免——拥抱,接受其存在)

    It doesn’t mean you have to ignore what’s happened or forget it.
    【2023新高考I卷七选五】
    否定形式的“你不必忽略它”,本质上就是“你需要正视它”甚至“需要拥抱它”,体现“正话反说”的反义同义转换。
    核心总结:ignore ↔ embrace(反义转述)

    21. forbid → allow(禁止——允许)

    与第19条类似,forbid与allow之间的转换是同义反说。
    核心总结:forbid ↔ allow(反义逻辑转述)

    五、句式/短语之间的概括性同义替换

    22. a torch is essential → proper clothes are required

    看2024年新高考II卷A篇:原文说手电筒+合适衣物是必需的,题目选项问的是“必须做什么”——“穿合适的衣服”。这是把“某物品是必需的”这个形容词说法,用动词的被动式“被要求去做”重新表达了一遍。
    核心总结:essential(adj.)↔ required to do动词被动式(词性转换+同义表达)

    六、复合型替换+高级概括

    23. effort(努力)

     → speed up development(加速发展)

    He put a lot of effort into his research.
    当年阅读原文用到了该句,正确选用了“speed up development”来概括。这是把宽泛的“努力”精准聚焦于“促进”这个具体层面,体现了概括型替换思路,是2025年A篇较为新颖考法。
    核心总结:effort ↔ speed up development(名词与动词短语的概括型同义转换)
    以上我们只列了23组,但从近百个高考阅读同义替换案例中,我们可以总结出出题人换着套路的规律。在考场上你不需要一次查遍全部50组,重要的是看到规律——选项比原文多出的“词汇表象”是用来迷惑你的,而真正的“意义内核”前后必须一致。
    如果你还想看更多替换例子,还有:
    unique ↔ vary from person to person
    (单一的——因人而异)
    take action ↔ take measures
    (采取措施——采取措施)
    set off for ↔ head for(出发去——前往)
    lead to ↔ result in(导致——导致)
    carry on ↔ continue(继续——继续)
    look for ↔ search for(寻找——寻找)
    give up ↔ abandon(放弃——放弃)
    huge ↔ enormous ↔ tremendous
    (巨大的——巨大的)
    important ↔ significant ↔ vital
    (重要的——重要的)
    different ↔ various
    (不同的——各种各样的)
    difficult ↔ tough ↔ challenging
    (困难的——困难的)
    deal with ↔ handle
    (处理——处理)
    show ↔ demonstrate ↔ illustrate
    (展示——展示)
    understand ↔ comprehend
    (理解——理解)
    remember ↔ recall(记住——记住)
    protect ↔ preserve(保护——保护)
    build ↔ construct(建造——建造)
    change ↔ transform(改变——改变)
    use ↔ employ ↔ utilize(使用——使用)
    provide ↔ supply(提供——提供)
    encourage ↔ motivate(鼓励——激励)
    reduce ↔ decrease(减少——减少)
    support ↔ back up(支持——支持)
    suggest ↔ recommend(建议——建议)
    explain ↔ clarify(解释——澄清)
    choose ↔ select(选择——选择)
    finish ↔ complete(完成——完成)
    总之,背完这些词,你肯定还会遇到“单词都认识却选不对”的状况。区别只是个心态——你发现出题人在玩文字游戏时,不要慌;答案往往就在你认识的词里换了个说法而已。与其考前疯狂背词表,不如用30分钟从头到尾读一遍这些真题原句,看懂“同一件事可以怎么说”,考场遇到答案就不再那么纠结了。