分类: 高中英语知识点

  • 高考英语近10年高考阅读高频词汇汇总!

    十年高考阅读高频词汇汇总

    1 abnormal 反常的, 异常的; 变态的

    2 absorb 吸收

    3 academic 学校的, 学院的;学术性的

    4 accessible 容易取得的, 容易达到的

    5 accommodation 住处(尤指短期使用的)

    6 account 账户;描述, 报道;解释; 说明

    7 accurate 精确的, 准确的

    8 acknowledge 承认, 供认

    9 acquire 获得, 得到, 养成

    10 adaptable  可适应的, 可改编的

    11 additional  增加的, 额外的, 另外的

    12 adjust (改变…以)适应; 调整; 校正

    13 admiration 钦佩; 赞赏

    14 agency 经销处, 代理行;部, 处

    15 aggressive 好争斗的, 挑衅的, 侵略性的

    16 allowance 津贴, 补助, 零用钱

    17 alter 改变, 更改

    18 alternative 两者择一的, 供替代的

    19 amateur 业余的, 非职业的

    20 ambition 抱负, 雄心, 野心

    21 analysis 分析

    22 analyze 分析, 分解, 解释

    23 ancestor 祖先, 祖宗

    24 annoy 打扰, 干扰

    25 annual 每年的, 年度的, 一年一次的

    26 apparently 显然地

    27 application 申请, 申请表, 申请书

    28 appointment 约会, 约定;任命, 委派

    29 approval 赞成, 同意

    30 architect 建筑师, 设计师

    31 arouse 唤醒;引起, 激发

    32 as a consequence 因而,结果

    33 aspect 方面;面貌, 模样, 神态

    34 assess 估价, 估计;评定,核定

    35 asset 资产,财产,有价值的人或物

    36 assistance  帮助, 援助

    37 associate (使)联合; 结交, 结伙

    38 astronaut 宇航员, 太空人

    39 at a loss 不知所措

    40 audience 观众, 听众; 读者

    41 authority 权力, 职权;官方, 当局;权威

    42 available 可用的或可得到的

    43 ban 取缔, 查封, 禁止;禁止, 禁令

    44 barrier 栅栏,障碍, 隔阂

    45 block 街区, 街段;大块;障碍(物)

    46 breed 生育; 繁殖;饲养, 培养

    47 budget 预算; 政府预算案

    48 by design  故意地; 蓄意地

    49 calculate 计算, 估计

    50 calorie 卡路里, 卡(热量单位)

    51 campaign 运动;战役

    52 cautious 小心的, 谨慎的

    53 channel 海峡;通道; 水沟, 水渠

    54 characteristics 特有的, 典型的

    55 charity 慈爱, 仁慈; 救济金

    56 chase 追捕, 追逐

    57 circulate (使)循环, (使)流通

    58 circumstance 环境, 条件, 情况

    59 civilization 文明, 文化

    60 clue 线索, 提示

    61 column 栏, 专栏(文章)

    62 combination 联合体, 组合物

    63 comment 评论, 意见, 解释, 批评

    64 commercial 商业的, 商务的

    65 community 社区, 社会, 团体;大众, 公众

    66 complaint  抱怨, 诉苦;投诉, 控告

    67 complicated 结构复杂的

    68 composer (尤指古典音乐)作曲家

    69 concentration 专心, 专注

    70 concept 概念; 观念; 想法

    71 confess 承认, 供认

    72 conflict 冲突, 抵触, 争论

    73 conscious  神志清醒的

    74 consequence 结果, 后果

    75 considerable 相当大(或多)的

    76 constantly 不变地,经常地,坚持不懈地

    77 consume 消耗, 消费, 耗尽

    78 convince 使相信; 使明白

    79 cooperation 合作

    80 count 有价值, 有重要意义;认为, 看作

    81 cover 涉及, 包含;控制, 支配

    82 crash (使)猛撞, (使)撞毁

    83 creativity 创造力,创造

    84 credit 借款; 贷款

    85 criminal 刑事的, 犯罪的

    86 data 资料, 材料

    87 decline 下降, 减少, 衰退

    88 decoration 装饰, 装潢

    89 defend 辩护; 辩解

    90 define 精确地解释; 界定

    91 deliver 递送, 交付

    92 demonstrate 论证, 证明

    93 description 描述, 形容

    94 desert 舍弃, 遗弃

    95 deserve     应受, 应得, 值得

    96 desirable 可取的, 值得拥有的, 合意的

    97 destructive 破坏性的, 毁灭性的

    98 device 装置, 设备, 器具

    99 discipline 训练, 训导;处罚, 惩罚

    100 dismiss 使退去; 解散

    101 distinction 区别, 明显差别, 特征

    102 distribute  散发; 散播; 分布

    103 document  公文, 文件, 文献

    104 domestic 本国的, 国内的; 家用的;驯养的

    105 drought      干旱(时期)

    106 ecosystem 生态系统

    107 efficient 有能力的, 效率高的

    108 element 要素;基础, 纲要, 原理

    109 embarrass (使)窘迫; (使)局促不安

    110 emergency紧急情况, 不测事件, 非常时刻

    111 emotion 情感, 感情, 激情

    112 emphasis 强调, 重点

    113 endure 忍受, 忍耐, 容忍

    114 enrich 使富有, 使富裕

    115 entertain 款待, 招待

    116 enthusiastic 满腔热情的,极感兴趣的

    117 entirely   全部地, 整体地

    118 essential 必不可少的, 绝对必要的

    119 establish 建立, 成立

    120 estimate 估计, 估价

    121 evaluation 估价,评价,赋值

    122 evaporate (使某物)蒸发掉

    123 eventually 终于, 最后

    124 evidence 证词; 证据; 迹象

    125 exception 例外

    126 exhausted  疲倦地

    127 expense 消耗, 花费

    128 explore 勘查, 探测, 勘探

    129 export 出口, 输出

    130 extent 长度, 面积, 范围

    131 extinguish 使熄灭, 扑灭

    132 extremely   极端; 极其; 非常

    133 facial 面孔的; 面部用的

    134 facility 设备, 设施

    135 factor 因素, 要素

    136 fasten 系紧, 拴牢

    137 figure 数字;图表; 图案;画像, 肖像

    138 finance 财政, 金融

    139 flexible 灵活的, 可变通的;柔韧的

    140 frame 框架

    141 funeral 葬礼, 丧礼

    142 garage   车库;汽车修理站; 加油站

    143 grateful 感激的, 感谢的

    144 guarantee 保证; 担保

    145 guilty 内疚的

    146 habitat (动物的)栖息地, 住处

    147 handle 处理, 应付, 对待;手柄, 把手

    148 hesitate 犹豫; 踌躇

    149 historian 历史学家, 史学工作者

    150 hospitality 殷勤, 好客

    151 identity 身份

    152 ignore 不顾, 不理, 忽视

    153 illegal 不合法的, 违法的

    154 illustration 插图, 图表, 图案;例证, 实例

    155 imitate 模仿

    156 immigrant 移民

    157 implication 含义, 暗示, 暗指,卷入, 牵连

    158 incredible 不能相信的, 不可信的

    159 independent    独立的, 自主的, 自立的

    160 indicate 标示, 指示, 指出

    161 inhabit 居住于, 栖居于

    162 inspiration 灵感;鼓舞人心的人[事物]

    163 instructive 有益的, 供给知识的, 教育的

    164 instructor 指导者, 教师

    165 insurance     保险

    166 intelligent 聪明的; 理解力强的

    167 interact 相互作用[影响], 互相配合

    168 interactive 一起活动或互相合作的

    169 interfere 干预; 调停;妨碍

    170 invaluable 无法估计的, 非常宝贵的

    171 invest 投资; 花费

    172 investigator 调查者; 审查者

    173 involve 使参与, 牵涉

    174 isolation 隔离, 与世隔绝

    175 kindergarten 幼儿园

    176 landscape 风景, 景色

    177 layer 层, 层次

    178 license 批准, 许可, 颁发执照

    179 maintain 保持; 继续;坚持; 主张

    180 manufacturer 制造商, 制造厂

    181 mathematical 数学的, 数学上的;精确的

    182 maximum 最大值的, 最大量的

    183 meanwhile 同时; 其间

    184 memorize     记住, 熟记

    185 mental 精神的, 头脑的, 心理的

    186 merely 仅仅, 只不过

    187 migrate 迁移; 移往

    188 motivate 作为…的动机; 激发; 诱发

    189 negative 消极的, 非建设性的

    190 neglect 疏忽; 忽略; 遗漏

    191 nevertheless 仍然, 然而, 不过

    192 objective     客观的; 不带偏见的

    193 occasional 偶尔的, 不经常的

    194 optimistic 乐观的, 乐观主义的

    195 original 起初的; 原来的

    196 overcome 战胜; 克服

    197 overwhelming 势不可挡的,巨大的

    198 panic 恐慌, 惊慌, 慌乱

    199 participant 参加者, 参与者

    200 passive 被动的; 消极的; 不抵抗的

    201 peculiar 奇怪的, 异常的

    202 permanent 永久(性)的, 固定的

    203 persuasive 能说服的; 善于游说的

    204 physically 身体上地;健康地

    205 potential 潜在的, 有可能的

    206 preserve 保护

    207 privacy 私事, 隐私

    208 profit 利润, 收益, 赢利

    209 prohibite 禁止; 阻止

    210 promote 提升, 提拔

    211 prosperity 兴旺, 繁荣

    212 psychologist 心理学研究者; 心理学家

    213 purchase 购买

    214 rarely 不常, 很少地, 难得地

    215 reaction 反应; 回应

    216 realistic 现实的, 实际可行的; 现实主义的

    217 recognition 认识; 认出; 承认

    218 register 记录; 登记; 注册

    219 relatively 相关地

    220 release 发布; 发行; 发售

    221 relevant 有关的, 切题的

    222 reliable 可靠的, 可信赖的

    223 remark 话语, 评论

    224 reputation 名气, 名声, 名誉

    225 rescue 营救, 救援

    226 reservation 预订;保留意见; 保留态度

    227 resist 抵抗; 对抗

    228 resolve 决定; 决心

    229 resume 履历

    230 rhythm 节奏, 韵律

    231 schedule 时间表, 日程安排表;清单

    232 scholarship 奖学金

    233 scratch 抓, 搔

    234 security 安全

    235 sensitive 易受影响的; 敏感的

    236 shorten 弄短, 缩短

    237 signal 信号, 暗号

    238 significant 重要的, 重大的, 可观的

    239 slightly 轻微地, 微不足道地

    240 smoothly 顺利地、光滑地

    241 source 发源地、出处

    242 specialize 专门从事, 专攻

    243 species 物种, 种

    244 specific 明确的, 确切的, 详尽的

    245 splendid 壮丽的; 辉煌的

    246 standard 标准, 水准, 规范

    247 state 陈述; 敘述

    248 statististcs 数据

    249 status 情形, 状况

    250 stimulate 刺激; 激励

    251 sting 螫伤; 刺伤

    252 strategy 战略, 策略

    253 strengthen 加强, 巩固

    254 stretch 伸展; 拉紧

    255 studio 播音室; 录音室

    256 substitute 代替, 替换, 代用

    257 supervisor 监督者, 管理者

    258 survey 眺望; 纵览

    259 survive 幸存, 活下来

    260 suspect 怀疑; 不信任

    261 suspicious 猜疑的, 疑心的

    262 symbol 象征, 标志

    263 sympathize 同情, 支持

    264 symptom 症状;征兆

    265 talkative 健谈的; 多嘴的; 喜欢说话的

    266 tame 驯服的, 温顺的

    267 temporary 临时的, 暂时的, 短时间的

    268 tendency 倾向, 趋势

    269 threaten 恐吓, 威胁

    270 timely 适时的; 合时宜的

    271 tolerance 宽容, 容忍

    272 traffic jam 塞车,交通拥塞

    273 tragedy 惨事, 灾难

    274 trap 困住, 使陷入绝境

    275 tuition 学费

    276 unbearable 难以忍受的; 不能忍受的

    277 unconscious 失去知觉的

    278 uniform 制服

    279 unique 独一无二的, 仅有的, 惟一的

    280 universal 广泛的, 普遍的

    281 update 更新; 使现代化

    282 vary (使)变化, 改变

    283 vehicle 交通工具, 车辆

    284 victim 牺牲者, 受害者, 受灾者

    285 vital 极重要的, 必不可少的

    286 vitamin 维生素

    287 volcanoe 火山

    288 volunteer 自动提供, 自愿效劳

    289 welfare 健康, 幸福, 繁荣,福利

    290 withdraw 取[收]回,(使)撤退[出]

  • 高考英语333个必背阅读理解障碍词,考前必刷

    高考英语333个必背阅读理解障碍词高考英语333个必背阅读理解障碍词

    1.abstract adj.抽象的;深奥的

    2.absurd adj.荒谬的;荒唐可笑的(=ridiculous)

    3.abundance n.充裕;丰盛(abundant adj. 丰富的)

    4.accommodation n.住所,住处

    5.accumulate v.积累,积聚;逐渐增加

    6.accurate adj.精确的(accuracy n. 精确;准确)

    7.adequate adj.足够的,充分的(=enough/ample)

    8.adorable adj.讨人喜欢的;可爱的

    9.administration n.管理;执行;实施

    10.administrator n.管理人员,行政人员

    11.affection n.喜爱;钟爱

    12.aggressive adj.好斗的;挑衅的

    13.alert adj.警惕的,警觉的

    14.allergic adj.过敏的(be allergic to)

    15.amateur adj.业余的 n.业余爱好者;业余运动员(反:professional)

    16.ambitious adj.有抱负的;野心勃勃

    17.anticipate vt.期待;预期;预料

    18.appetite n.食欲,胃口;欲望;喜好

    19.appropriately adv.恰当地,合适地

    20.arbitrary adj.任意的;专横的;武断的

    21.assumption n.假定,假设

    22.autonomous adj.自治的;自主

    23.barely adv.仅仅;勉强;几乎没有

    24.bacterium n.细菌(pl.bacteria)

    25.betray vt.背叛,出卖;暴露

    26.boom n/v.繁荣,迅速发展

    27.botanical adj.植物学的

    28.boundary n.分界线,边界;界限

    29.boycott vt.抵制,拒绝参加 n.抵制行动

    30.brochure n.小册子

    31.calendar n.历法;日

    32.calligraphy n.[U] 书法

    33.campaign n.运动;战役

    34.casual adj.偶然的;随便的(casually adv. 随意地)

    35.cease vi.& vt.停止;终止;结束

    36.certificate n.证书;(毕业)文凭

    37.chaos n.混乱,一团糟(in chaos 处于混乱状态)

    38.collision n.碰撞,相撞;冲突,抵触

    39.commercial adj.商业的,商务的

    40.commitment n.承诺;投入;奉献

    41.community n.社区;团体

    42.compassion n.怜悯,同情

    43.compensate v.弥补,补偿;赔偿

    44.competence n.能力;胜任

    45.component n.零件;成分;组成部分

    46.compound n.化合物;混合体

    47.compromise v.妥协,让步

    48.complicated adj.复杂的;难懂的

    49.comprehensive adj.全面的;综合(性)的

    50.compulsory adj.必修的;强制的,义务的

    51.Confucius n.孔子

    52.consensus n.共识,一致看法

    53.consequence n.后果(as a consequence=as a result 因此)

    54.conservative adj.保守的,守旧的

    55.consistent adj.一贯的,一致的(be consistent with 与…一致)

    56.contemporary adj.当代的(同:modern)

    57.context n.周围情况,背景;上下文,语境

    58.contract n.契约,合同

    59.contradictory adj.矛盾的,抵触的

    60.controversial adj.引起争论的,有争议的

    61.conventional adj.传统的,常规的;守旧的

    62.correspond vi.符合,相一致;通信(correspond with 与…通讯;与…一致)

    63.critical adj.批判的;挑剔的(be critical of );至关重要的;关键的

    64.costume n.[C] & [U] (某地或某历史时期的)服装;戏装

    65.client n.[C] 委托人;顾客;客户

    66.clue n.[C] 线索;提示

    67.curriculum n.课程

    68.deadline n.截止日期,最后期限

    69.decent adj.正派的;得体的;相当好

    70.definition n.[C] & [U] 释义;定义

    71.deliberately adv.故意地,蓄意地

    72.demonstrate vt.证明;论证;示范;演示;显示vi.示威;示威游行

    73.desperate adj.拼命的;绝望的;非常需要……的

    74.destination n.目的地;终点

    75.detect vt.察觉;发现;侦查出

    76.device n.设备,仪器;装置

    77.dilemma n.进退两难的境地,困境

    78.dimension n.方面,部分(同:aspect);大小,尺寸(同:measurement)

    79.diploma n.毕业文凭;学位证书

    80.disastrous adj.灾难性的,以失败告终的(disaster n. 灾难)

    81.discrimination n.歧视

    82.display n.[C] 陈列;展览 vt.陈列;展览;显示

    83.domestic adj.家务的;家养的;本国的;国内的

    84.distinguish v.区分,辨别

    85.disturbing adj.令人不安的,引起恐慌的

    86.diverse adj.各种各样的,形形色色的,相异的

    87.dizzy adj.眩晕的;昏乱的;使人发晕或困惑的

    88.document vt.记录,记载

    89.domestic adj.家务的;家养的;本国的;国内的

    90.dominate vi.& vt.支配;控制 vt.(山、塔等) 高出于;俯视

    91.donor n.捐献者,捐赠者

    92.dynamic adj.精力充沛的;动态的

    93.ecology n.生态;生态学

    94.episode n.[C] (电视连续剧或广播剧的)一集

    95.element n.[C] 要素;基本部分;(化学)元素

    96.elegantly adv.优雅地

    97.emerge vi.浮现;出现;(问题等)冒出;兴起

    98.emergency n.紧急情况,突发事件

    99.emission n.排放物,散发物;(光、热等的)散发,排放

    100.emphasize v.强调,着重;重音

    101.emphasis n.[C] & [U] 强调;重视;重读;重音;加重语气

    102.encounter vt.遇到(问题等);偶然碰到(某人) n.[C]相遇;邂逅

    103.entitle vt.给……取名/命名;使……有权利/资格

    104.enhance v.提高,改进;增强

    105.enormous adj.巨大的,庞大的

    106.enterprise n.公司,组织,企业;事业心,进取心

    107.establishment n.机构,单位;建立,设立(establish vt.建立;创立)

    108.evaluate v.评价,评估

    109.explicit adj.清楚明确的,直截了当的

    110.extension n.延伸,扩展

    111.extraordinary adj.非凡的,特别的;异乎寻常的

    112.facilitate vt.促进;使便利

    113.facility n.设施,设备;天赋,才能(同:talent)

    114.feature n.特征;特点 vt.以……为特色

    115.fertilizer n.肥料

    116.finance n.财政,金融(financial adj. 财政的,金融的)

    117.flavour n.味道;调味品,调味香料

    118.flexible adj.灵活的;柔韧的;有弹性的(flexibility n. 灵活性;柔韧性)

    119.flock n.群(a flock of sheep 一群羊)

    120.fragrant adj.香的;芳香的

    121.function n.功能,作用;职能 vt. 起作用;运转

    122.fundamental adj.根本的;基本的,基础的

    123.funeral n.葬礼

    124.gender n.[C] & [U]性

    125.grocery n.杂货;杂货店

    126.guideline n.[C]指导方针;指导原则

    127.habitat n.[C] & [U] (动物) 栖息地;(植物)生长地

    128.harmony n.和谐;融洽(harmonious adj. 和谐的)

    129.hatred n.仇恨

    130.heartily adv.尽情地;关怀地

    131.highlight v.突出,强调 n.最好(或最精彩)的部分

    132.hint n.& v.暗示

    133.humble adj.谦卑的;地位低下的

    134.immigration n.移居(入境);外来的移民

    135.imply vt.暗示,暗指;意味着

    136.incident n.(尤指不平常的、重要的或暴力的)事件

    137.incredible adj.难以置信的;无法相信的;极好的

    138.independence n.独立;自主(independent adj. 独立的;自主的)

    139.identical adj.同一的;完全相同的

    140.individual adj.[只用于名词前] 单独的;个人的 n.[C] 个人;个体;人

    141.ingredient n.成分,食材;要素,因素

    142.innocent adj.清白的,无罪的(+of);天真无邪的

    143.innovate v.创新,革新(innovation n. 创新)

    144.inquire vi.& vt.询问;打听

    145.insight n.领悟;洞察力,眼光

    146.inspection n.[U] & [C]视察;检查

    147.instrument n.乐器;工具(musical instruments 乐器)

    148.install v.安装,设置

    149.intake n.摄入量,吸入量;加入人数

    150.interpersonal adj.人际的,人际关系的

    151.integrate vi.& vt.(使) 结合;(使)合并

    152.integrity n.[U]完整;完好;诚实;正直

    153.intense adj.强烈的;激烈的

    154.internal adj.内部的;体内的;内心的

    155.intimate adj.亲密的,密切的

    156.irrigation n.灌溉

    157.isolate vt.孤立,隔离;分隔

    158.item n.项目;一件物品

    159.jungle n.丛林,密林

    160.justice n.公正,正义

    161.justify vt.证明……正当/有理;为……辩护;对……作出解释

    162.knowledgeable adj.有丰富知识的,博学的be knowledgeable about/of (了解…)

    163.label n.标签;称号 vt.贴标签于;用标签标明

    164.lag v.落后,拖后(lag behind=fall behind 落后)

    165.laptop n.笔记本电脑

    166.laundry n.洗衣店

    167.layout n.布局,设计(the layout of the hospital 医院的布局)

    168.leisure n.[U]闲暇;业余时间

    169.legend n.传奇(legendary adj. 传奇的)

    170.liar n.说谎者

    171.likewise adv.同样地,相似地

    172.literally adv.照字面地;确实地

    173.locker n.可锁存物柜,寄物柜

    174.illogical adj.不符合逻辑的;不合乎情理的(logical adj. 符合逻辑的;合乎情理的)

    175.loyal adj.忠诚的( be loyal to 对…忠诚)

    176.maintain v.保持,维持;维护;保养;坚持认为

    177.manufacture v.(用机器)生产,制造

    178.massive adj.大而重的;大规模的;巨大的

    179.mature adj.成熟的

    180.memorial n.纪念物,纪念碑 adj.纪念的,追悼的

    181.merciful adj.宽大的,慈悲的,仁慈的

    182.military adj.军事的;军用的

    183.minimum adj.最小的,最低的,最低限度的 n.最少量,最低限度

    184.minority n.少数派,少数;少数民族(majority n. 大多数)

    185.monument n.纪念碑,纪念馆

    186.mourn v.哀悼,悼念

    187.motive n.[C]动机;目的

    188.motivation n.动力;动机(motivate vt.使有动力;激发;激励)

    189.mountainous adj.多山的;巨大的,庞大的

    190.navigation n.(水上的)航行

    191.negative adj.消极的,负面的(反:positive)

    192.neutral adj.中立的,不偏不倚的

    193.numerous adj.许多的

    194.nutrition n.营养

    195.objective n.[C]目的;目标 adj.客观的(subjective adj. 主观的)

    196.odd adj.奇怪的;怪异的;偶尔发生的;奇数的

    197.opponent n.[C]对手;反对者

    198.outcome n.结果,后果(同:result)

    199.outspoken adj.直率的,直言不讳的

    200.overhear vt.无意中听到,偶然听到

    201.overlook v.忽视,忽略;俯瞰

    202.parallel n.相似之处 adj.平行的(be parallel to/with与…平行/相似)

    203.passion n.激情;热爱

    204.pastime n.消遣,娱乐

    205.peak n.[C] 山峰;山顶;顶峰 adj.最高的;高峰的 vi.达到最高点

    206.pedestrian n.行人,步行者

    207.panel n.[C]面板;嵌板;专家咨询小组

    208.pension n.养老金,退休金

    209.permanent adj.长久的,永久的,永恒的(反:temporary adj. 临时的;暂时的)

    210.perceive vt.察觉;发觉;理解

    211.personnel n.全体人员,职员;人事部门

    212.pessimistic adj.悲观的(optimistic adj. 乐观的)

    213.phenomenon n.现象(pl.phenomena)

    214.philosophy n.[U]哲学

    215.physician n.医师

    216.portable adj.手提式的,便携式的,轻便的

    217.pose vi.摆好姿势;佯装 n.[C] 姿势;姿态;假装

    218.postpone vt.推迟,延期(put off)

    219.precious adj.宝贵的,珍贵的;珍稀的

    220.pregnant adj.怀孕的

    221.prejudice n.偏见,歧视(prejudice against 对… 的偏见)

    222.prescription n.处方,药方(prescription for…的处方/方法)

    223.preview n.预映;预展;预演

    224.previous adj.以前的,先前的(previously adv. 先前;以前)

    225.priority n.[C]优先事项;[U] 优先权

    226.primary adj.首要的,主要的

    227.primarily adv.主要地

    228.primitive adj.原始的,远古的

    229.privilege n.特权;特殊待遇;荣

    230.precisely adv.精确地;确切地;恰好

    231.procedure n.(正常)程序;步骤;手续

    232.proceed vi.继续;继续做;继续进行

    233.profile n.[C]侧面(像);外形;轮廓;简介;概况

    234.profession n.职业;行业

    235.property n.[U]财产;资产;(房)地产

    236.proposal n.[C] & [U]建议;提议

    237.promote v.促进,提高;晋升

    238.prospect n.[U]可能性;预期;设想;[C] 前景;前途;视野;景色

    239.protest vi.& vt.抗议;反对 n.[C] & [U] 抗议;反对

    240.pursue vt.追求;(继续) 从事;追赶;追捕

    241.psychology n.心理;心理学

    242.punctuation n.标点符号

    243.purchase vt.&n.购买

    244.qualification n.资格,学历;资历

    245.questionnaire n.调查问卷

    246.quote vt.& vi.引用;援引 n.[C] 引语;引文

    247.radioactive adj.放射性的

    248.random adj.随意的,随机的 n.随意;随机

    249.rating n.[C]等级;级别

    250.recall v.回想起,回忆起;召回;收回

    251.register v.记录,登记

    252.regulate v.控制;调整,调节

    253.regulation n.规则,条例,法令

    254.relevant adj.相关的,切题的

    255.representative n.代表;代理

    256.reservation n.预订;保留

    257.resident n.[C]居民;住户

    258.resolve vt.决定 vi.决心;解决

    259.respective adj.各自的

    260.respectful adj.有礼貌的,恭敬的

    261.resume v.重新开始 n.简历

    262.riddle n.谜;谜语

    263.ridiculous adj.愚蠢的,荒唐可笑的

    264.routine n.惯例,常规;例行公事

    265.sacred adj.神圣的

    266.sacrifice n.牺牲;献祭 vt.牺牲

    267.sample n.样品

    268.sceptical/skeptical adj.持怀疑态度的,不相信的(be skeptical about/of 对…持怀疑态度)

    269.scholarship n.奖学金

    270.sculpture n.雕刻;雕塑

    271.sensitive adj.敏感的(be sensitive to 对…敏感)

    272.sensitivity n.敏感;过敏

    273.session n.一段时间;正式会议

    274.shallow adj.浅的,不深的;肤浅的

    275.sheet n.床单,被单;张;薄片

    276.shipwreck n.海难,船舶失事

    277.shortcoming n.缺点;短处 (近义词:drawback)

    278.signature n.签字,签名

    279.significance n.重要性;意义

    280.simplify vt.使简易,使简单,简化

    281.snack n.小吃,点心

    282.sneeze v.打喷嚏

    283.souvenir n.纪念品;纪念物

    284.stimulate vt.刺激;激发;促进

    285.straightforward adj.简单的,易懂的;坦诚的,坦率的

    286.strategy n.[C]战略;策略

    287.stretch v.(使)变松,拉长;伸开 n.伸长;伸展;连绵

    288.stuff n.[U]东西;物品

    289.subjective adj.主观的(反:objective adj.客观的)

    290.submit v.呈送,递交,呈递;顺从(+to)

    291.substance n.[C]物质;东西;[U] 事实基础;根据

    292.substantial adj.大量的;重大的

    293.supervision n.监督;监管

    294.supreme adj.最高的,至高无上的

    295.surgery n.[U]外科手术

    296.suspension n.暂停,中止

    297.sustain vt.保持;维持(sustainable adj. 可持续的)

    298.swear v.诅咒;发誓(swear—swore—sworn)

    299.sympathetically adv.表示同情地;有同情心地

    300.tackle vt.处理,对付(难题);抢断

    301.temporary adj.暂时的,临时的

    302.tension n.紧张,焦虑

    303.territory n.[C] & [U]领土;版图;领地;(具有某种特性的)地区;区域

    304.terminal adj.(疾病)晚期的,不治的 n.终点站;终端

    305.theoretical adj.理论上的;假设的

    306.thereafter adv.之后,此后

    307.tolerant adj.宽容的,容忍的

    308.tournament n.锦标赛

    309.transform vt.使改观;使变形;使转化

    310.transformation n.转变,改观

    311.transparent adj.透明的;易懂的

    312.trash n.废物,垃圾(同:rubbish)

    313.tricky adj.难对付的,棘手的;狡猾的

    314.tunnel n.隧道;(动物的)洞穴通道

    315.unconscious adj.失去知觉的

    316.underline vt.在……之下画线(以示重要);强调;使突出

    317.underlying adj.根本的;潜在的

    318.undertake v.从事;承担

    319.uneasy adj.不安的;忧虑的

    320.unique adj.独一无二的;独特的

    321.ultimately adv.最后;最终

    322.upgrade v.使升级

    323.vacant adj.空着的;(工作或职位)空缺的

    324.vague adj.含糊的,不明确的

    325.valid adj.(法律上)有效的;有根据的;确凿的

    326.vanish v.消失,灭绝

    327.variation n.[C] & [U]变化;差别

    328.violate v.违反,违背;侵犯

    329.virtual adj.虚拟的,模拟的

    330.weave v.编织,迂回行进

    331.Wi­Fi n.[U]无线网络

    332.wreck v.使失事 n.残骸

    333.wrinkle n.皱纹

  • 高考英语11种读后续写,74句高分例句积累

    一、V-ing和V-ed作状语

    1. “Dad, sorry, it was such a mess.” Jeff murmured, lowering his head in shame

    “对不起,爸爸,太乱了,”Jeff小声说道,惭愧地低着头。

    2. “Surprise! Happy Mother’s Day, mummy!” they said, throwing their arms into the air.

    “给你一个惊喜!妈妈。母亲节快乐!”他们说着,在空中挥舞着胳膊。

    3. Our family’s Christmas decorations swung from its branches, shining in the morning light.

    我们家的圣诞装饰品在松树枝上摆动着,在晨光中闪闪发光。

    4. Sensing the desperate gleam in Hunter’s eyes, Whiston bent over to give him a tight embrace, comforting that they would be safe.

    Whiston感觉到了Hunter眼中的绝望,弯下腰紧紧地拥抱他,安慰他们会安全的。5. Bubbling with overwhelming ecstasy, Hunter couldn’t help bouncing ups and downs.

    Hunter欣喜若狂,情不自禁地蹦蹦跳跳。

    6. Sobbing in relief, I was overwhelmed by waves of guilt and remorse.

    我如释重负地抽泣着,心头涌上一波又一波的内疚和悔恨。

    7. I murmured sorry, reflecting that I should have taken his warning seriously.

    我低声道歉,反思自己应该认真对待他的警告。

    8. Peeking through the mounting rain, I struggled to make out the vague figure over there.

    雨越下越大,透过大雨我努力辨认那边模糊的人影。

    9. Picturing the road cracked and the car was flooded away, I felt more frightened and sensed death was waiting for me.

    看到道路开裂,车子被水淹没,我感到更加害怕,感觉死亡在等着我。

    10. Yelling at the top of his lung, Joe tried to soothe me and convince me that it was the best way to escape the danger.

    Joe拼命地叫,试图安抚我,让我相信这是逃离危险最好的办法。

    11. “Jump out of the car and ran to me!” Joe yelled and got off the truck, waiting for my action.“从车里出来,跑到我身边!”Joe大叫着下了卡车,等待我的行动。

    12. Following him, I arrived at home safe and sound finally.

    跟着他,我最终安全无恙地回家了。

    13. Filled with fright, I dragged my exhausted body inching forward.

    我拖着疲惫的身躯向前挪动,内心充满恐惧。

    14. Then I saw my name, decorated with giant, golden words—champion.

    然后我看到了自己的名字,旁边还有巨大的金色“冠军”字样。

    15. Taking a deep breath, I headed to the lounge door.

    我深吸一口气,向客厅门走去。

    16. “My egg bounced out,” she explained, pointing to a broken shell in the grass.

    “我的鸡蛋掉了,”她指着玻璃上的碎蛋壳解释道。

    17. We just sat in our small apartment, unwrapping the gifts one by one in happiness.

    我们待在自己的小公寓里,幸福地拆一件又一件的礼物。

    18. Sometimes, only a little kindness can light something shining, making the world more beautiful and harmonious.

    有时,仅仅很微小的善意便能点亮一些东西,让世界变得更加和谐美好。

    二、独立主格结构

    19. The night falling, they put up a tent and wolfed down a simplified dinner.

    夜幕降临,他们支起帐篷,快速地吃了个便饭。

    20. Suddenly a low, buzzing sound appearing, Whiston raised his head, glanced around and spotted a helicopter in the distance.

    突然,出现了低沉的嗡嗡声,Whiston抬起头环顾四周,发现远处有一架直升飞机。21. Blood rushing to his face and heart palpitating fiercely, he leapt to his feet and yelled at the top of his voice.

    他涨红了脸,心脏怦怦直跳,跳起来,扯着嗓门喊。

    22. The heavy smoke curling upward slowly into the sky, he clasped his hands tightly, praying in the depth of his heart that it would work.

    浓烟缓缓升腾而起,他双手紧握,在心底祈祷能够奏效。

    23. “Joe, I’m here!” I wound down the window, tears of horror mixed with rain streaming down my face.

    “Joe,我来了!”我摇下车窗,惊恐的泪水和雨水一同从我脸上流下来。

    24. Eventually, I sat beside the stream, my arms and legs aching.

    我终于在溪边坐下来了,胳膊和腿感到酸痛,

    25. My brother made his way to me, his eyes filled with concern.

    我哥哥向我走来,他的眼睛里满是担心。

    三、形容词、副词作状语

    26. Shocked and proud, their mother said in a sweet whisper, “Thanks, my kids.”

    他们的母亲既震惊又骄傲,幸福地低声说道,“谢谢孩子们。”

    27. Remorseful for my simple-minded behavior, thinking about the missing rainbow, I burst into tears again.

    我对自己愚蠢的行为感到非常后悔,想着错过了彩虹,我又哭起来。

    四、强调句

    28. Patting them gently on their shoulders, father said in a warm voice, “Darling, it’s love that counts.

    爸爸轻轻地拍着他们的肩膀,暖声说道,“亲爱的,重要的正是爱。”

    29. During their pleasant chat, they learned it was exactly the message in the bottle that saved them.

    在轻松的谈话中,他们知道了正是瓶子里的消息救了他们。

    30. It was Joe that shouted and waved violently.

    是Joe在大喊大叫,拼命地挥手。

    五、介词和介词短语

    31. Let’s do this again together!” To their relief, with the guidance of father, they successfully made the breakfast.

    “我们再一起做一遍!”他们在父亲的指导下,如释重负,成功地做好了早餐。

    32. At the sight of the black dot on the horizon, Whiston made a smoky fire.

    Whiston看见地平线上有个黑点,便生起了烟。

    33. In spite of his age, he still leads an active life.

    尽管年事已高,他依旧过着一种忙碌的生活。

    六、倒装

    34. In the small space was the brightest and most beautiful Christmas tree I had ever seen.

    在那狭小的空间里是我见过的最明亮、最漂亮的圣诞树。

    35. So incredible was I couldn’t believe my eyes.

    太不可思议了,我简直不敢相信自己的眼睛。

    36. The black dot grew larger and larger against the orange sky, so was their hope of being rescued.

    黑点在橙色的天空中越来越大,他们获救的希望也越来越大。

    37. So overwhelmed was I that I almost wanted to dash out of the stage.

    我不知所措,几乎想冲出舞台。

    38. Not only did I use my unicycle and hula hoop performance to win the first prize, but also I had proved it to others that even a weak girl like me could win, just through my practice!

    我不仅用我的独轮车和呼啦圈的表演获得了一等奖,而且我也向别人证明了,即使是像我这样弱小的女孩,只要通过练习,也能赢!

    七、无灵主语

    39. Great excitement and surprise flooded in—I rushed to the tree.

    巨大的兴奋和惊喜涌上了心头——我冲向那棵树。

    40. However, the sound of the helicopter drowned him out. The helicopter hovered for a while and faded in the suffocating darkness.

    然而,直升飞机的声音将他淹没了。直升飞机盘旋了片刻,消失在令人窒息的黑暗中。

    41. A tide of exhaustion and despair washed over him.

    一股疲惫和绝望的感觉向他袭来。

    42. A sense of palpable relief enveloped me.

    我明显感到如释重负。

    43. The night wind howled ruthlessly, nameless creatures murmured in the dark and the moonlight shone weakly on the ground.

    夜晚的风无情地咆哮,无名生灵在黑暗中低语,月光微弱地铺洒在地上。

    44. “You did it,” an inner voice told me.

    “你做到了,”我内心的声音告诉我。

    45. A sense of anxiety crept upon me, and my fingers were nearly frozen.

    一种不安的感觉涌上心头,我的手指几乎冻僵了。

    46. Great sorrow clouded the mother.

    巨大的悲伤笼罩着母亲。

    47. As they disappeared into the far distance gradually, a strong sense of satisfaction poured into my mind.

    随着他们逐渐消失在远方,一股强烈的满足感涌上我的心头。

    八、it用法

    48. But it occurred to me that our family couldn’t afford it in the tough time. “How did you make it?” I raised my question.

    但我突然想到,我们家在困难时期是买不起的。“你是怎么做到的?”我提出了我的问题。

    49. At this time, a thought popped into my mind—it was the high time that I examined the effects of my practice.

    这时,我的脑海里突然冒出一个念头——正是我检查练习效果的时候了。

    九、从句

    50. Christmas of 1939 was the most magical Christmas that reminded me of what was essential in later life—love from a family.

    1939年的圣诞节是最神奇的圣诞节,它让我想起了后半生最重要的东西——家人的爱。

    51. After what seemed like an eternity, the helicopter finally came to a halt over them and lowered a rescuer.

    似乎过了很久之后,直升机终于在他们头顶停下并放下了一名救援人员。

    52. Cassie cast a queer look at me as if to declare war.

    卡西奇怪地看着我,好像要宣战似的。

    53. A sweet peace flooded into me like a blessing, which made me hopeful again.

    甜蜜的平安像祝福一样涌入我的内心,让我再次充满希望。

    54. I picked up the note, which read “Thanks for your returning of the umbrella.”

    我拿起纸条,上面写着“谢谢你把给我送回来。”

    55. Though warm, it was uncomfortable for children, who nestled closely by the Christmas tree

    虽然很暖和,但对于紧紧依偎在圣诞树旁的孩子们来说,这很不舒服。

    56. Unfortunately, she was met with refusal, which failed her to hold back tears.

    不幸的是,她遭到拒绝,这让她忍不住流眼泪。

    57. Soon we were busy preparing presents for our unexpected guests, who just wanted to stay warm on Christmas Day.

    很快我们就忙着为不速之客准备礼物,他们只想在圣诞节来点温暖。

    58. Megan insisted we should let them know that I had tested positive.

    Megan坚持我们应该让他们知道我的检测呈阳性。

    59. Hard as it was to inform people that we might have given them the coronavirus, it was the responsible thing to do.

    尽管很难告诉别人我们可能给他们传染了冠状病毒,但这是负责任的事情。

    60. We heard the news that our team had won.

    我们听到消息了,我们队伍赢了。

    十、连续动作

    61. I opened the door, reached out my foot, trying to find a proper land point.

    我打开门,伸出脚,试图找到一个合适的落脚点。

    62. After confirming the safety, I inched forward in the muddy water and eventually rushed frantically towards my husband.

    确认安全后,我在浑水中一点点前行,最终发狂似地冲向我的丈夫。

    63. Joe also ran in my direction, gathered me into his arms and kept patting my back.

    Joe也朝我跑过来,把我抱在怀里,不停地拍着我的背。

    64. I grinned dazzlingly, raced to them and embraced them tightly.

    我咧嘴一笑,跑到他们身边,紧紧地拥抱着他们。

    65. Cassie looked at me, and her glare softened. I grinned. She giggled.

    Cassie看着我,她的目光柔和了下来。我咧嘴一笑。她咯咯地笑了起来。

    66. Then I raced down and got to the bottom before Cassie did.

    然后我跑了下来,在Cassie之前到达了谷底。

    67. I had to inhale sharply to calm myself down, then I bent down towards the crowd and started my performance.

    我不得不猛吸一口气让自己平静下来,然后我弯下腰向人群开始了我的表演。

    十一、with复合结构

    68. I was shivering with cold, with my empty stomach rumbling.

    我冷得瑟瑟发抖,空荡荡的肚子咕咕叫。

    69. He was a delivery man with his arms full of parcels.

    他是个快递员,手里满是包裹。

    70. Holding the note tightly, I was on the verge of tears, with a stream of warmth spreading across my body.

    我紧紧握着那张纸条,眼泪快要掉下来,一股暖流在我身上蔓延开来。

    71. The rest froze, with eyes falling on their little sister.

    其余的人都愣住了,目光落在他们小妹妹身上。

    72. With gifts in hand, the kids were wild with joy.

    孩子们手里拿着礼物,欣喜若狂。

    73. “No time to make mum a breakfast now.” Jenna cried with regret and guilt overwhelming her like endless tides.

    “现在没时间给妈妈做早餐。”Jenna哭了起来,遗憾和内疚像无尽的潮水一样淹没了她。

    74. I stood there and stared at it with tears rolling down my cheeks.

    我站在那里,看着它,眼泪顺着脸颊滚落。

  • 高中英语时态与语态重难点全归纳,这一篇就够了

     一、英语时态全景概览

    英语时态由 “时”(现在、过去、将来、过去将来)和 “体”(一般、进行、完成、完成进行)组成,共 16种时态。高考重点考查以下 8种

    时态
    核心用法
    考查重点
    一般现在时
    习惯、真理、客观事实
    主谓一致、状语从句
    一般过去时
    过去发生的动作
    不规则动词、时间词
    一般将来时
    将来动作
    will / be going to
    现在进行时
    正在进行的动作
    表将来的特殊用法
    过去进行时
    过去某时刻正发生
    与一般过去时对比
    现在完成时
    过去对现在的影响
    have been to / gone to
    过去完成时
    “过去的过去”
    时间先后判断
    过去将来时
    从过去看将来
    间接引语中的时态转换

    🔍 二、八大时态深度解析

    1️⃣ 一般现在时

    • 习惯动作:She always gets up at six.
    • 客观真理:The earth goes around the sun.
    • 按计划将来动作:The train leaves at 8:30.
    • 条件/时间状语从句中表将来:I’ll call you when I arrive.

    ⚠️ 注意:主语虽长但核心决定动词形式;某些动词不用于进行时(如 know, love, belong to)。

    2️⃣ 一般过去时

    • 过去特定时间:I visited the Great Wall last summer.
    • 过去习惯:He used to smoke.
    • 虚拟语气:If I were you, I would accept it.

    ⏱️ 标志词:yesterday, last week, … ago, in 2010, just now

    3️⃣ 一般将来时

    表达方式
    用法
    例句
    will + do
    临时决定、意愿
    I will help you.
    be going to
    计划、迹象
    It’s going to rain.
    be to + do
    官方计划、命令
    The President is to visit China.
    be about to
    即将发生
    The meeting is about to begin.

    4️⃣ 现在进行时

    • 正在发生:The students are listening now.
    • 现阶段进行:She is writing a novel these days.
    • 表将来(位移动词):I am flying to Shanghai tomorrow.

    🚫 不用于进行时的动词:see, hear, love, know, be, have, belong to 等。

    5️⃣ 过去进行时

    • 过去某时刻正发生:I was doing homework at 8 last night.
    • 长动作背景:When I came in, she was reading.

    对比:He wrote a letter(完成)vs He was writing a letter(可能未完成)

    6️⃣ 现在完成时

    • 过去影响现在:I have lost my key.
    • 持续至今:They have lived here for ten years.
    • 经历:I have never been to America.

    🔍 区分:

    • have been to(去过已回)
    • have gone to(去了未回)

    7️⃣ 过去完成时

    • 过去的过去:By the time I got to the station, the train had left.
    • 间接引语:She said she had finished her homework.
    • 虚拟语气:If I had known, I would have told you.

    8️⃣ 过去将来时

    • 间接引语:He said he would help me.
    • 过去打算:I thought it was going to rain.

    🧱 三、被动语态深度解析

    构成:be + 过去分词

    时态
    被动构成
    例句
    一般现在时
    am/is/are + done
    English is spoken here.
    一般过去时
    was/were + done
    The book was written in 2020.
    一般将来时
    will be + done
    The meeting will be held tomorrow.
    现在进行时
    am/is/are being + done
    The bridge is being built.
    现在完成时
    have/has been + done
    The work has been finished.

    使用情境

    • 不知或不必说明执行者:The window was broken yesterday.
    • 强调承受者:The novel was written by Lu Xun.
    • 客观正式文体:It is reported that…

    不能用于被动语态的动词

    • 不及物动词:happen, occur, belong to, exist, die, rise
    • 系动词:be, look, sound, smell, taste, feel

    ❌ The accident was happened. → ✅ The accident happened.


    🔄 四、主动表被动特殊情况

    1️⃣ 不及物动词表示属性

    sell, wash, wear, read, write, cut, lock…

    ✅ The book sells well.
    ✅ The cloth washes easily.

    2️⃣ 感官动词

    ✅ The flower smells sweet.
    ✅ The silk feels soft.

    3️⃣ need / want / require + doing

    ✅ The room needs cleaning. = needs to be cleaned.

    4️⃣ be worth doing

    ✅ The book is worth reading.
    ❌ The book is worth being read.


    📝 五、高考真题精选(含解析)

    1. I ______ to the library when I met my teacher.
      A. was going ✅(过去进行时)

    2. By the time we got to the cinema, the movie ______.
      B. had begun ✅(过去的过去)

    3. Look at those dark clouds! It ______.
      B. is going to rain ✅(迹象表明)

    4. The novel ______ into many languages so far.
      B. has been translated ✅(现在完成被动)

    5. This book is well worth ______.
      A. reading ✅(主动表被动)


    ⚠️ 六、易错陷阱速记表

    易错类型
    错误示例
    正确表达
    不及物动词误用被动
    The accident was happened.
    The accident happened.
    系动词误用被动
    It is sounded beautiful.
    It sounds beautiful.
    worth 后误用被动
    It is worth being read.
    It is worth reading.
    need 后误用被动动名词
    It needs being repaired.
    It needs repairing.
  • 高考英语作文高分秘笈

    1. 掌握五大句型 句子主要都是在五大句型的基础上扩展的,总体上句子必须包含至少一个主谓结构

    (1)主+谓+(状) He smiles. The sun rises in the east.

    (2)主+系+表 He is an expert in computers.

    (3)主+谓+宾 I like sports. Mary has finished her work.

    (4)主+谓+双宾语 Would you buy him a gift? =Would you buy a gift for him?

    (5)主+谓+宾+宾补 The young couple watched their baby playing on the grassland. Karl Marx made London the base for his revolutionary work.

    2. 巧用复合句和并列句 并列句由and族,but族和or族等并列连词连接,复合句由各种引导词连接成为状语从句、定语从句和名词性从句。其中状语从句分类最为复杂。

    (1)并列句的并列连词

    ①and族并列连词 both…and…,not only…but also…,and等

    ②or族并列连词 or,either…or,or else等

    ③but族并列连词 not…but…,while,but等

    (2)复合句的引导词

    ①状语从句的引导词

    表时间:when,while,as,as soon as,the moment,directly,immediately,before,after,till,until,since……

    表地点:wherever,where

    表方式:as if/though,(just)as

    表原因:because,since,as,now that

    表结果:so…that,such…that,so that

    表目的:so that,in order that

    表比较:as…as…,than…,the same…as…,not so…as…

    表让步:though,although,no matter wh-, even if/though,as

    表条件:if,as/so long as,on condition that,unless

    ②定语从句的引导词 关系代词:who,whom,which,that,as,whose

    关系副词:when,where,why

    ③名词性从句的引导词 that,whether,if,what,which,when,where,why,how,whatever,whichever,whenever,wherever,however He smiles. The sun rises in the east.

    (2)主+系+表 He is an expert in computers.

    (3)主+谓+宾 I like sports. Mary has finished her work.

    (4)主+谓+双宾语 Would you buy him a gift? =Would you buy a gift for him?

    (5)主+谓+宾+宾补 The young couple watched their baby playing on the grassland. Karl Marx made London the base for his revolutionary work.

    3. 灵活运用固定框架

    (1)It is(high/about)time…是该…的时候了

    (2)It is+adj.(kind/nice/good/foolish…)of sb. to do sth. 某人做某事真好/愚蠢…

    (3)It is+adj.(important/necessary/impossible…)for sb. to do sth. 某人做某事是重要的/必要的/不可能的…

    (4)I don’t think/believe/expect/…that从句(否定转移)我认为/相信/期望…不/非…

    (5)What is sth./sb. like?某人人品怎么样?What does sth./sb. look like?某物/某人看上去是什么样的?

    (6)Would you mind…?你介意…吗?

    (7)It is no good/use+doing sth. 做某事是不好的/没用的

    (8)It is/has been…since…自从…已有…

    (9)It is/was…who/that…(强调句型)就是…

    (10)It is said/reported/believed/suggested…+that从句 据说/据报道/人们相信/有人建议…

    4. 掌握扩展句子的手段

    (1)增加修饰成分 名词可以带有定语、同位语,动词、形容词可以带有状语

    ①I am a student. I am a boy student in Class 5, Grade 2, No.1 Middle School.

    ②The actor acted in the play. The young actor from Hunan once acted very well in the history play.

    (2)运用并列和从属手段 并列清楚地表现了从句之间的逻辑关系:递进、顺承、转折、选择、因果等;从属则表明了主从句之间的主次关系,恰当地运用从属手段可以使文章表意连贯、主线分明

    ①The left hand was still painful. The left hand was still painful so I went to see a doctor.

    ②I like music. I like musiv while my brother likes sports.

    5. 句型转化

    (1)肯定句、否定句、疑问句之间的转换 She comes from Canada. →She doesn’t come from Canada. Does she come from Canada? Where does she come from?

    (2)简单句和复合句的转换

    ①I spoke to the woman just now. She can speak several foreign languages. →The woman to whom I spoke just now can speak several foreign languages.

    ②He got up late this morning. He didn’t catch the first bus. →He didn’t catch the first bus because he got up late this morning.

    (3)并列句与复合句和非谓语动词之间的转换 The fish can eat a person in two minutes and they leave only bones. →The fish can eat a person in two minutes, leaving one bones.

    6. 妙用承接、过渡词语

    (1)表示时间顺序 now,then,afterwards,later,soon,before long,to begin with,at the beginning,at first,at the end of,in the end,finally…

    (2)表示次序

    ①first,second,third…finally/lastly

    ②firstly,secondly,thirdly…finally/lastly

    (3)表示空间顺序 above,below,near,far,beside,to the right,on one side…

    (4)表示因果关系 therefore,so,as a result,thus,for this reason,hence,for…

    (5)表示转折、让步 however,nevertheless,at any rate,in spite of,yet,but…

    (6)表示并列、等同 equally,in the same way,likewise,at the same time,that is(to say),or rather…

    (7)表示比较、对照 by/in contrast,by comparison,in contrast to,on the contrary,on the other hand,instead,but,just like,just as,similarly…

    (8)表示列举 for example,for instance,to illustrate,such as

    (9)表示意义增补 in addition(to),besides,and,moreover,futhermore,what is more,as well,and then…

    (10)表示目的 for the purpose of,so that,in order that,so as to,in order to…

    (11)表示强调 indeed,in fact,surely,without any doubt…

    (12)表示总结、归纳 in conclusion,in summary,in sum,in a word,in brief,in short,thus,to sum up,to conclude,all in all…

    7. 如何写好作文段落 段落是一组相关的、共同表达一个中心思想的句子组成的。段落本身又是一篇小短文,包括主题句、支持句和结尾句。主题句是一个段落的中心或灵魂,代表着整个段落的主要思想,往往置于段落的首位。支持句是各种解释、说明、论证主题句的句子。结尾句是由主题句和支持句发展而来,它通常是一种肯定或否定的结论,是对全段的一种浓缩式说明。段落的句式要错落有致,不要单调重复。段落除了用少数简单句以外可穿插使用祈使句和虚拟语气,再辅以复合句和非谓语动词。长句与短句的交替使用使文章更具可读性。

  • 考英语作文“20+”常用的高级表达

    能力得到提升,大咖们这样表达——
    得到充分发展:
    get fully developed
    提高社交技能 :
    sharpen social skills
    取得平稳的进展:
    make steady progress
    发挥潜能:
    realize one’ s potential
    激发我们的创造力:
    inspire our creativity
    开阔某人的眼界 :
    broaden one’s horizons
    获得经验/知识 :
    gain experience/ acquire knowledge
    为…奠定了坚实的基础:
    lay a solid foundation for
    为…..铺平道路/创造条件:
    pave the way for
    有益于… :
    be beneficial to/be of great benefit to
    2

    展现自我,高分学霸们这样表达——
    展示某人的天赋 :
    show one’s talent
    突出某人的优势 :
    highlight sb’s strengths
    激起某人的兴趣:
    arouse/ spark one’s interest
    激发某人的动力:
    arouse/ fuel one’s motivation
    表现出某人最好的一面:
    bring out the best in sb.
    丰富枯燥的日常生活:
    enrich the dull routine
    提供…机会:
    offer/ provide a chance of
    激发学生们对…..的热情 :
    inspire students’ enthusiasm for
    3

    个人能力,超级黑马这样说——
    有….的天赋:
    have a gift/talent for
    熟练操作电脑:
    operate the computer skillfully
    有….能力:
    have the ability to do , be capable of
    容易适应新环境:
    easily adapt to a new environment
    能胜….. :
    be qualified for, be fit for , be equal to, be up to
    精通,熟练掌握:
    have a good knowledge/ command of
    用流利的英语自由表达自己的想法:
    express oneself freely in fluent English
    有…相关的经验:
    have related/ relevant experience in
    用英语与他人沟通无困难:
    have no trouble/ dificulty communicating with others in English
    4

    阐述兴趣爱好,学神们这样说——
    喜欢…,对…感兴趣:
    have a passion/ taste for,
    be enthusiastic about,
    be fascinated by,
    be keen on,
    have a affection for
    5

    文化交流,逆袭者们这样表达——
    缩小差距:
    narrow/ bridge the gap
    与….交流想法:
    exchange ideas with…
    促进我们的友谊/理解:
    promote our frendship/ understanding
    弘扬中国传统文化:
    carry forward the traditional Chinee culture
    充当了解中国文化的桥梁:
    act as a bidge to your understanding of Chinese culure
    6

    学习压力这样表达,阅卷老师都喜欢——
    给….增加趣味:
    add some spice to
    放松自己:
    make sb. relaxed,relax oneself
    消除负面情绪:
    remove negative emotions
    减轻沉重的负担:
    ease the heavy burden
    对…..保持乐观态度:
    keep an optimistic attitude to…
    缓解学习压力:
    relieve/ ease stress/ pressure from study
    提高我们的学习效率:
    raise/ improve our learning efficiency
    让我们从繁重的课业中解脱出来:
    give us relaxation from heavy schoolwork
    free us from the heavy work of study
    7

    组织活动,学霸们都这样表达——
    完成任务:
    accomplish the task
    创造奇迹:
    work wonders
    为…做好准备:
    be welll prepared for
    引起广泛关注:
    arouse wide concerns
    我相信:
    I’ m convinced that… ,
    I hold the belief that. ..
    齐心协力做某事:
    make joint efforts to do sth.
    实现目标:
    achieve one’s goal, get one’s goal achieved
    渴望做某事:
    have a strong desire to do sth.,
    can’t wait to do sth. ,
    long to do sth.
    花费时间做某事:
    spend time doing sth.,
    devote time to doing sth.
    努力做某事:
    spare no effort to do sth.,
    make every effort to do sth.
    组织活动:
    organize an activity ,
    launch a campaign
    给某人留下深刻印象:
    leave/make a deep impression on sb.
    ….无法从某人的记忆中消失…:
    never fades from sb. ‘s memory
    抽出至少半小时:
    set aside at least half an hour
    即将到来:
    be just around the corner,
    be drawing near,
    be approaching
    养成…的习惯:
    make… part of one’s daily routine,
    form the habit of
    超出某人的想象:
    beyond one’s imagination
    对某人表示真诚的感谢:
    express/ convey/ extend one’s sincere /heartfelt thanks to sb.
    8

    表达重视,高考状元们都用这些词——
    attach great importance/ significance to
    put sth. in the first place
    can’t put more emphasis on. . .
    can’t stress the importance of. . . enough
    Nothing is of greater importance than
    9

    不可置疑、不能否认,学神们的花样表达——
    undoubtedly
    without any doubt
    There is no doubt that…
    There is no denying that. . .
    I can’t be denied that….
    It goes without saying that. . .
  • 经典英语谚语100条,收藏这一篇就够了!

     一、勤奋、意志与成功 

    1. Where there is a will, there is a way.有志者事竟成。

    2. No pains, no gains.没有付出就没有收获。

    3. Constant dripping wears away a stone.水滴石穿,绳锯木断。

    4. Care and diligence bring luck.谨慎和勤奋才能抓住机遇。

    5. Genius is nothing but labor and diligence.天才不过是勤奋而已。

    6. Great hopes make great man.伟大的抱负造就伟大的人物。

    7. Industry is the parent of success.勤奋是成功之母。

    8. No rose without a thorn.没有不带刺的玫瑰。

    9. There is no royal road to learning.书山有路勤为径,学海无涯苦作舟。

    10. No way is impossible to courage.勇者无惧。

    11. Success belongs to the persevering.坚持就是胜利。

    12. The finest diamond must be cut.玉不琢,不成器。

    13. Adversity makes a man wise, not rich.逆境出人才。

     二、学习方法与态度 

    14. Practice makes perfect.熟能生巧。

    15. It is never too old to learn.活到老,学到老。

    16. Reading is to the mind while exercise to the body.读书健脑,运动强身。

    17. A man becomes learned by asking questions.不耻下问才能有学问。

    18. Learn and live.活着,为了学习。

    19. Knowledge starts with practice.实践出真知。

    20. Books and friends should be few but good.读书如交友,应求少而精。

    21. Complacency is the enemy of study.学习的敌人是自己的满足。

    22. Knowledge makes humble; ignorance makes proud.知识使人谦虚,无知使人傲慢。

    23. Knowledge advances by steps and not by leaps.知识只能循序渐进,不能跃进。

    24. A man can do no more than he can.凡事都应量力而行。

    25. A man cannot spin and reel at the same time.一心不能二用。

     三、健康与心态 

    26. An apple a day keeps the doctor away.一天一苹果,不用请医生。

    27. Prevention is better than cure.预防胜于治疗。

    28. All work and no play makes Jack a dull boy.只工作,不玩耍,聪明小伙也变傻。

    29. Health is not valued till sickness comes.病时方知健康可贵。

    30. A close mouth catches no flies.病从口入。

    31. A good medicine tastes bitter.良药苦口。

    32. Good health is over wealth.健康是最大的财富。

    33. Happiness lies first of all in health.幸福首先在于健康。

    34. Cheerfulness is health; its opposite, melancholy, is disease.欢乐就是健康,忧郁就是病痛。

    35. He is happy that thinks himself so.自乐者常乐。

    36. Content is better than riches.知足者常乐。

     四、品行与操守 

    37. Honesty is the best policy.诚实不欺为上策。

    38. Respect yourself, or no one else will respect you.要人尊敬,必须自重。

    39. Patience is the best remedy.忍耐是良药。

    40. One good turn deserves another.行善积德。

    41. He knows most who speaks least.大智若愚。

    42. A still tongue makes a wise head.寡言者智。

    43. A candle lights others and consumes itself.蜡烛照亮别人,却毁灭了自己。

    44. He is not fit to command others that cannot command himself.正人须先正己。

    45. Pride goes before, and shame comes after.骄傲使人落后。

    46. Please the eye and plague the heart.贪图一时快活,必然留下隐祸。

    47. Penny wise, pound foolish.贪小便宜吃大亏。

    48. He who makes constant complaint gets little compassion.经常诉苦,没人同情。

    49. Do as you would be done by.己所不欲,勿施于人。

     五、金钱与财富 

    50. Gold will not buy anything.黄金不能买尽一切。

    51. The chief aim of man is not to get money.人的主要目的并不是赚钱。

    52. The money the miser hoards will do him no good.守财奴积财,对自己毫无好处。

    53. What is wealth good for, if it brings melancholy?财富如带忧郁来,有了财富有何用?

    54. Wealth makes worship.财富能使人拜倒。

     六、珍惜时光 

    55. Time flies.光阴似箭。

    56. Time and tide wait for no man.时不我待。

    57. To save time is to lengthen life.节约时间就是延长生命。

    58. Time stays not the fool’s leisure.时间不等闲逛的傻瓜。

    59. Lost years are worse than lost dollars.失去时光金不换。

    60. Time is money.时间就是金钱。

    61. Time has wings.光阴去如飞。

    62. Time lost cannot be won again.时光一去不复返。

     七、择友与友谊 

    63. Birds of a feather flock together.物以类聚,人以群分。

    64. A man is known by his friends.什么人交什么朋友。

    65. Keep good men company and you shall beof the number.近朱者赤,近墨者黑。

    66. A friend in need is a friend indeed.患难见真情。

    67. A friend is easier lost than found.得朋友难,失朋友易。

    68. A faithful friend is hard to find.知音难觅。

    69. A friend is never known till a man has need.需要之时方知友。

    70. Misfortune tests the sincerity of friends.患难见真情。

     八、常理与法则

    71. A good beginning is half done.良好的开端是成功的一半。

    72. Don’t put off till tomorrow what should be done today.今日事,今日毕。

    73. Fact speak louder than words.事实胜于雄辩。

    74. Failure is the mother of success.失败是成功之母。

    75. A bird in the hand is worth than two in the bush.一鸟在手胜过双鸟在林。

    76. Seeing is believing.眼见为实。

    77. Still water run deep.静水流深。

    78. Strike the iron while it is hot.趁热打铁。

    79. When in Rome, do as the Romans do.入乡随俗。

    80. Man proposes, god disposes.谋事在人,成事在天。

    81. Look before you leap.摸清情况再行动。

    82. Experience must be bought.吃一堑,长一智。

    83. Make hay while the sun shines.良机勿失。

    84. He who does not advance loses ground.逆水行舟,不进则退。

    85. Easier said than done.说得容易,做得难。

    86. Every day is not Sunday.好景不常在。

    87. All that glitters is not gold.闪光的不一定都是金子。

    88. All things are difficult before they are easy.凡事总是由难而易。

    89. Every advantage has its disadvantage.有利必有弊。

    90. Every man has his faults.金无足赤,人无完人。

    91. Don’t try to teach your grandmother to suck eggs.不要班门弄斧。

    92. He laughs best who laughs last.谁笑到最后,谁笑得最好。

    93. It is the first step that costs troublesome.万事开头难。

    94. The farthest way about is the nearest way home.抄近路反而绕远路。

    95. Take things as they come.既来之,则安之。

    96. Every man is the architect of his own fortune.自己的命运自己掌握。

    97. The early bird catches the worm.早起的鸟儿有虫吃。

    98. It is no use crying over spilt milk.覆水难收。

    99. Don’t trouble trouble until trouble troubles you.不要自找麻烦。

    100. Four eyes see more than two.集思广益。
  • 3个句型记住高中英语全部语法

    1

    as 句型

    (1) as引导方式状语从句句型: “按照……;正如……”

    • As (it is) in your country, we grow wheat in the north and rice in the south.

      正如(像)你们国家一样,我们北方种植小麦,南方种植水稻。

    (2) as+形容词/副词原级+(a /an)+名词+as ;

    否定式:not as/so … as

    • He is as good a player as his sister.

      他和他姐姐一样是位优秀的运动员。

    (3) such + n. + as to do 如此……以致于……

    • She is such a fool as to believe what he said.

      她是一个如此的一个笨蛋以致相信了他所说的话。

    (4) so + adj./adv. + as to do sth 如此……以致于……

    • He was so strong as to carry the heavy box.

      他是如此的强壮以致于能提起那重箱子。

    (5) such… as… 像……之类的…… (接名词或定语从句)

    • He wished to be such a man as Lei Feng was.

      他希望成为一个像雷锋这样的人。

    (6) the same +名词+as 和……一样的…… (接名词或定语从句)

    • He is not the same man as he used to be.

      他不是从前的那样子了。

    (7) as 引导非限制性定语从句

    • As is known to us, knowledge is power.

      众所周知,知识就是力量。

    (8) 引导时间状语从句,与while意义相近

    • We get wiser as we get older.

      随着我们长大,我们也变得越来越聪明。

    (9) 引导原因状语从句,与 because的用法相近

    • As it was getting very late, we soon turned back.

      因为越来越迟了,所以我们不久就回来了。

    (10) 引导让步状语从句

    • Child as he is, he knows much about science.

      尽管他是一个小孩,但他对科学了解得很多。

    2

    prefer 句型

    (1) prefer to do sth

    • I prefer to stay at home.

      我宁愿待在家里。

    (2) prefer doing sth

    • I prefer playing in defence.

      我喜欢打防守。

    (3) prefer sb to do sth

    • Would you prefer me to stay?

      你愿意我留下来吗?

    (4) prefer to do sth rather than do sth

    • I prefer to stay at home rather than go out.

      我宁愿待在家里而不愿出去。

    (5) prefer doing sth to doing sth

    • I prefer watching football to playing it.

      我喜欢看足球,不喜欢打足球。

    (6) prefer sth to sth

    • I prefer tea to coffee.

      我要茶不要咖啡。

    3

    when 句型

    (1) be doing sth… when…

    • He was still smiling when the door opened and his wife came in.

      他正笑着的时候门突然开了,他妻子走了进来。

    (2) be about to do sth… when…

    • We were about to start when it began to rain.

      我们刚要出发,天就开始下雨了。

    (3) had just done… when…

    • I had just gone to bed after a very hard day when the phone rang.

      在劳累了一天之后我刚刚就寝,电话铃就响了。

    4

    seem 句型

    (1) It +seems + that从句

    • It seemed that everyone was satisfied.

      看来好像每个人都很满意。

    (2) It seems to sb that …

    • It seems to me that she is right.

      我看她是对的。

    (3) There seems to be …

    • There seems to be a heavy rain.

      看上去要有一场大雨。

    (4) It seems as if …

    • It seemed that she couldn’t come to class.

      看样子她不能来上课了。

    5

    表示”相差……; 增加了……; 增加到……”句型

    • She is taller than I by three inches.

      她比我高三英寸。

    • There is one year between us.

      我们之间相差一岁。

    • She is three years old than I.

      她比我大三岁。

    • They have increased the price by 50%.

      他们把价格上涨了50%。

    • His salary has rised to 10,000 yuan per month.

      他的工资已经涨到了每月10,000元。

    6

    what 引导的名词性从句

    (1) what 引导主语从句

    • What surprised me is that everybody seemed to be very indifferent to her.

      让我吃惊的是每个人似乎对她都很冷淡。

    [ indifferent adj. 不关心的; 冷漠的 ]

    (2) what 引导宾语从句

    • We can learn what we do not know.

      我们能学会我们不懂的东西。

    (3) what 引导表语从句

    • That is what I want.

      那正是我所要的。

    (4) what 引导同位语从句

    • I have no idea what they are talking about.

      我不知道他们正在谈论什么。

    7

    too 句型

    (1) too … to do …

    • Politics is too important to be left to the politicians. (=Politics is so important that it can’t be left to the politicians.)

      政治太重要了,不能由政治家来决定。

    (2) only too … to do …

    • I shall be only too pleased to get home.

      我要回到家里就非常高兴。

    (3) too + adj + for sth

    • These shoes are much too small for me.

      我穿这双鞋太小了。

    (4) too + adj + a + n.

    • This is too difficult a text for me.

      这篇课文对我来说太难了。

    (5) can’t … too +形容词  无论……也不为过

    • We cannot emphasize the importance of protecting our eyes too much.

      我们再怎么强调保护眼睛的重要性也不为过。

    8

    where 句型

    (1) where 引导的定语从句

    • This is the house where he lived last year.

      这就是他去年住过的房子。

    (2) where 引导的状语从句

    • Where there is a will,there is a way.

      有志者事竟成。

    • He left his key where he could find.

      他将钥匙放在易找到的地方。

    • I will go where I want to go.

      我要去我想去的地方。

    (3) where 引导的表语从句

    • This is where you are wrong.

      这正是你错的地方。

    9

    wish 句型

    (1) wish that sb did sth 希望某人现在做某事

    • I wish I were as strong as you.

      我希望和你一样强壮。

    (2) wish that sb had done sth 希望某人过去做某事

    • I wish you had told me earlier

      要是你早点告诉我就好了。

    (3) wish that sb would/could do sth 希望某人将来做某事

    • I wish you would succeed this time.

      我希望你这次会成功。

    10

    would rather 句型

    (1) would rather do sth than do sth 宁愿做……而不愿做……

    • She would rather die than turn against his motherland.

      她宁可死也不去背叛祖国。

    (2) would rather have done sth 宁愿过去做过某事

    • I would rather have taken his advice.

      我宁愿过去接受他的意见。

    (3) would rather sb had done sth 宁愿某人过去做过某事

    • I would rather I had passed the examination last week.

      我真希望通过上星期的考试。

    (4) would rather sb did sth 宁愿某人现在或将来做某事

    • Who would you rather went with you?

      你宁愿谁和你一起去?

    11

    before 句型

    (1) before sb can/ could… 某人还没来得及……

    • Before I could get in a word, he had measured me.

      我还没来得及插话,他就给我量好了尺寸。

    (2) It will be +时间+ before + 还有多长时间……

    • It will be 4 years before he graduates.

      他还有四年时间便毕业了。

    (3) had done some time before (才……)

    • We had sailed four days and four nights before we saw land.

      我们航行了四天四夜才见到陆地。

    (4) had not done… before… 不到……就……

    • We hadn’t run a mile before he felt tired.

      我们还没走到一英里路就觉得累了。

    (5) It was not +一段时间+ before 不多久就……

    • It wasn’t two years before he left the country.

      还没到两年他们离开了那国家。

    12

    强调句型

    (1) It is /was +被强调部分+that(who)…

    • It was I who wrote to my uncle yesterday.

      是我昨天给我叔叔写信的。

    (2) Is/was it + 被强调部分 + that (who) …

    • Was it your brother that you met in the street?

      在街上你遇见的是你兄弟吗?

    (3) Where/who/what/how等特殊疑问词 + is/was it that …

    • How is it that you will go to visit her tomorrow?

      明天你究竟怎样去看望她?

    (4) do/does/did +谓语动词 (强调谓语)

    • They do know the place well.

      他们的确很熟悉那个地方。

    13

    用于表示过去未实现的希望和计划的句型

    (1) would like to/ would love to have done sth.

    • I would like to have written to you.

      我本想给你写信的。

    (2) was / were going to do sth. (用过去将来时态表示原打算做什么)

    • Lucy was going to watch a basketball match.

      Lucy 原打算看一场篮球比赛。

  • 高考英语试题高频核心词460个之3(形容词篇上·考点精析·新课标版)

    开篇语

    如果说名词是王冠上的明珠,动词是语言的灵魂,那么形容词,就是思想的调色板。

    在高考英语中,形容词不仅用于描绘事物特征、表达情感态度,更是阅读理解中作者观点题、完形填空中语境推断题的高频考查点。一个形容词的褒贬色彩,往往决定了整篇文章的情感走向;一组近义词的细微差别,常常成为拉开分数差距的关键。

    本系列第291-410词为形容词篇,涵盖性质、状态、情感、评价等核心类别。我们依据《新课程标准》3100词总表,结合2021年以来高考真题,为你逐一揭晓这些形容词在高考中的“隐藏身份”——从构词规律到反义关系,从固定搭配到同义辨析,让你在理解中记忆,在运用中精准。

    1. significant/sɪɡˈnɪfɪkənt/ adj. 重要的;显著的;意味深长的
    2. 构词法:sign(标记)+ i + fic(做)+ -ant → 做标记的 → 重要的

      词性拓展:significance (n. 重要性;意义),significantly (adv. 显著地)

      考点:a significant difference(显著差异);play a significant role(起重要作用);真题例句:The discovery is of great significance to the study of the disease. (2023全国甲卷阅读)

      同近义词辨析important(重要的,普通用词),significant(强调有重大意义或影响)

      1. available/əˈveɪləbl/ adj. 可获得的;有空的;可用的

      构词法:avail(效用)+ -able(能…的)→ 能用的

      词性拓展:availability (n. 可用性),unavailable (adj. 不可获得的)

      考点:be available to(对…可用);available resources(可用资源);真题例句:Plenty of available parking spaces are near the entrance. (2022新高考I卷阅读)

      注意available 常用于后置定语或表语,如 the only available option

      1. convenient/kənˈviːniənt/ adj. 方便的;便利的

      构词法:con-(共同)+ ven(来)+ -ient → 一起到来的 → 合适的

      词性拓展:convenience (n. 方便),inconvenient (adj. 不方便的)

      考点:It is convenient for sb. to do sth.(某人方便做某事);a convenient time/place(方便的时间/地点)

      注意convenient 不能以人作主语,不能说 I‘m convenient.

      1. effective/ɪˈfektɪv/ adj. 有效的;起作用的

      构词法:effect(效果)+ -ive → 有效果的

      词性拓展:effectiveness (n. 有效性),ineffective (adj. 无效的)

      考点:an effective way/method(有效的方法);effective measures(有效措施);真题例句:The new medicine proved highly effective against the virus. (2021全国乙卷完形)

      同近义词辨析efficient(高效的,指效率高),effective(有效的,指能达到预期效果)

      1. essential/ɪˈsenʃl/ adj. 必要的;本质的;基本的

      构词法:essence(本质)+ -ial → 本质的

      词性拓展:essentially (adv. 本质上)

      考点:be essential to/for(对…必不可少);It is essential that…(…是必要的,后接虚拟语气)

      同近义词辨析necessary(必要的,一般用语),essential(必不可少的,强调本质)

      1. physical/ˈfɪzɪkl/ adj. 身体的;物理的;物质的

      构词法:physic(物理/医学)+ -al

      词性拓展:physically (adv. 身体上),physician (n. 内科医生)

      反义词:mental (adj. 精神的)

      考点:physical health(身体健康);physical activity(身体活动);真题例句:Regular physical exercise is beneficial to your heart. (2022北京卷阅读)

      1. mental/ˈmentl/ adj. 精神的;智力的;心理的

      构词法:ment(心/智力)+ -al

      词性拓展:mentally (adv. 精神上),mentality (n. 心态)

      反义词:physical (adj. 身体的)

      考点:mental health(心理健康);mental illness(精神疾病);真题例句:Yoga helps to achieve a state of mental calmness. (2023新高考II卷阅读)

      1. traditional/trəˈdɪʃənl/ adj. 传统的;惯例的

      构词法:tradition(传统)+ -al

      词性拓展:traditionally (adv. 传统上)

      考点:traditional culture(传统文化);traditional customs(传统习俗)

      1. commercial/kəˈmɜːʃl/ adj. 商业的;商务的;营利的

      构词法:commerce(商业)+ -ial

      词性拓展:commercially (adv. 商业上),commercialize (v. 商业化)

      考点:commercial bank(商业银行);commercial value(商业价值)

      1. environmental/ɪnˌvaɪrənˈmentl/ adj. 环境的;有关环境的

      构词法:environment(环境)+ -al

      词性拓展:environmentally (adv. 环境方面地),environmentalist (n. 环保主义者)

      考点:environmental protection(环境保护);environmental pollution(环境污染)

      1. economic/ˌiːkəˈnɒmɪk/ adj. 经济的;经济学的

      构词法:economy(经济)+ -ic

      词性拓展:economical (adj. 节约的),economically (adv. 经济上)

      考点:economic growth(经济增长);economic crisis(经济危机)

      同近义词辨析economic(经济的,与经济有关的),economical(节约的,节俭的)

      1. political/pəˈlɪtɪkl/ adj. 政治的;政党的

      构词法:politic(政治)+ -al

      词性拓展:politically (adv. 政治上),politician (n. 政治家)

      考点:political system(政治制度);political party(政党)

      1. social/ˈsəʊʃl/ adj. 社会的;社交的

      构词法:soci(同伴/社会)+ -al

      词性拓展:socially (adv. 社会上),socialize (v. 社交)

      考点:social problems(社会问题);social network(社交网络)

      1. cultural/ˈkʌltʃərəl/ adj. 文化的;文化上的

      构词法:culture(文化)+ -al

      词性拓展:culturally (adv. 文化上),multicultural (adj. 多元文化的)

      考点:cultural heritage(文化遗产);cultural differences(文化差异)

      1. historical/hɪˈstɒrɪkl/ adj. 历史的;史学的

      构词法:history(历史)+ -ical

      词性拓展:historically (adv. 历史上)

      考点:historical event(历史事件);historical figure(历史人物)

      同近义词辨析historic(有历史意义的),historical(与历史有关的)

      1. personal/ˈpɜːsənl/ adj. 个人的;私人的;亲自的

      构词法:person(人)+ -al

      词性拓展:personally (adv. 亲自;就个人而言),personality (n. 个性)

      考点:personal information(个人信息);personal opinion(个人观点)

      1. professional/prəˈfeʃənl/ adj. 职业的;专业的 n. 专业人士

      构词法:profession(职业)+ -al

      词性拓展:professionally (adv. 专业地),professionalism (n. 专业精神)

      反义词:amateur (adj. 业余的)

      考点:professional skills(专业技能);professional advice(专业建议)

      1. technical/ˈteknɪkl/ adj. 技术的;工艺的;专门的

      构词法:technic(技术)+ -al

      词性拓展:technically (adv. 技术上),technician (n. 技术员)

      考点:technical support(技术支持);technical problem(技术问题)

      1. scientific/ˌsaɪənˈtɪfɪk/ adj. 科学的;系统的

      构词法:science(科学)+ -ific → 科学的

      词性拓展:scientifically (adv. 科学地),scientist (n. 科学家)

      考点:scientific research(科学研究);scientific method(科学方法)

      1. medical/ˈmedɪkl/ adj. 医学的;医疗的

      构词法:medic(医生)+ -al

      词性拓展:medically (adv. 医学上),medicine (n. 药/医学)

      考点:medical treatment(医疗);medical care(医疗保健)

      1. legal/ˈliːɡl/ adj. 法律的;合法的

      构词法:leg(法律)+ -al

      词性拓展:legally (adv. 法律上),illegal (adj. 非法的)

      考点:legal system(法律体系);legal advice(法律咨询)

      1. global/ˈɡləʊbl/ adj. 全球的;整体的

      构词法:globe(地球)+ -al

      词性拓展:globally (adv. 全球地),globalize (v. 全球化)

      考点:global warming(全球变暖);global economy(全球经济)

      1. local/ˈləʊkl/ adj. 当地的;地方的 n. 当地人

      构词法:loc(地方)+ -al

      词性拓展:locally (adv. 当地地),localize (v. 使局部化)

      考点:local government(地方政府);local community(当地社区)

      1. national/ˈnæʃnəl/ adj. 国家的;民族的

      构词法:nation(国家)+ -al

      词性拓展:nationally (adv. 全国地),nationality (n. 国籍)

      考点:national flag(国旗);national holiday(国定假日)

      1. international/ˌɪntəˈnæʃnəl/ adj. 国际的

      构词法:inter-(之间)+ national(国家的)

      词性拓展:internationally (adv. 国际上)

      考点:international trade(国际贸易);international relations(国际关系)

      1. public/ˈpʌblɪk/ adj. 公共的;公众的 n. 公众

      构词法:publ(人民)+ -ic

      词性拓展:publicly (adv. 公开地),publicity (n. 宣传)

      反义词:private (adj. 私人的)

      考点:public transportation(公共交通);in public(公开地)

      1. private/ˈpraɪvət/ adj. 私人的;私有的;私下的

      构词法:priv(个人)+ -ate

      词性拓展:privately (adv. 私下地),privacy (n. 隐私)

      反义词:public (adj. 公共的)

      考点:private school(私立学校);private life(私生活)

      1. major/ˈmeɪdʒə/ adj. 主要的;重要的 n. 专业;少校 v. 主修

      构词法:maj(大)+ -or(比较级)→ 较大的

      词性拓展:majority (n. 大多数)

      反义词:minor (adj. 次要的)

      考点:major problem(主要问题);major in(主修)

      1. minor/ˈmaɪnə/ adj. 次要的;较小的 n. 未成年人;辅修科目

      构词法:min(小)+ -or(比较级)→ 较小的

      词性拓展:minority (n. 少数;少数民族)

      考点:minor injury(轻伤);minor role(次要角色)

      1. main/meɪn/ adj. 主要的;最重要的

      词性拓展:mainly (adv. 主要地)

      考点:main idea(主旨);main road(主干道)

      同近义词辨析main(主要的,常指最重要的部分),major(较重要的,但不一定是最重要的)

      1. primary/ˈpraɪməri/ adj. 首要的;初级的;小学的

      构词法:prim(第一)+ -ary

      词性拓展:primarily (adv. 主要地)

      考点:primary goal(首要目标);primary education(初等教育)

      1. secondary/ˈsekəndri/ adj. 次要的;中级的;中学的

      构词法:second(第二)+ -ary

      词性拓展:secondarily (adv. 次要地)

      考点:secondary education(中等教育);be secondary to(次于)

      1. basic/ˈbeɪsɪk/ adj. 基本的;基础的

      构词法:base(基础)+ -ic

      词性拓展:basically (adv. 基本上),basics (n. 基本原理)

      考点:basic skills(基本技能);basic principles(基本原则)

      1. fundamental/ˌfʌndəˈmentl/ adj. 根本的;基础的;基本的

      构词法:fundament(基础)+ -al

      词性拓展:fundamentally (adv. 根本上)

      考点:fundamental rights(基本权利);fundamental change(根本变化)

      同近义词辨析basic(基础的,常用词),fundamental(根本性的,强调不可或缺)

      1. advanced/ədˈvɑːnst/ adj. 高级的;先进的;晚期的

      构词法:advance(前进)+ -ed

      词性拓展:advancement (n. 进步)

      反义词:elementary (adj. 初级的)

      考点:advanced technology(先进技术);advanced course(高级课程)

      1. modern/ˈmɒdn/ adj. 现代的;新式的

      构词法:mod(方式/模式)+ -ern → 符合当前方式的

      词性拓展:modernize (v. 使现代化),modernization (n. 现代化)

      反义词:ancient (adj. 古代的)

      考点:modern society(现代社会);modern art(现代艺术)

      1. ancient/ˈeɪnʃənt/ adj. 古代的;古老的

      构词法:anci(古老)+ -ent

      词性拓展:anciently (adv. 在古代)

      反义词:modern (adj. 现代的)

      考点:ancient civilization(古代文明);ancient history(古代史)

      1. original/əˈrɪdʒənl/ adj. 原始的;最初的;原创的 n. 原件

      构词法:origin(起源)+ -al

      词性拓展:originally (adv. 最初),originality (n. 独创性)

      考点:original idea(最初的想法);original version(原始版本)

      1. typical/ˈtɪpɪkl/ adj. 典型的;有代表性的

      构词法:type(类型)+ -ical

      词性拓展:typically (adv. 典型地)

      考点:be typical of(是…的典型);typical example(典型例子)

      1. normal/ˈnɔːml/ adj. 正常的;标准的

      构词法:norm(标准)+ -al

      词性拓展:normally (adv. 正常地),abnormal (adj. 反常的)

      考点:normal life(正常生活);return to normal(恢复正常)

      1. common/ˈkɒmən/ adj. 常见的;共同的;普通的

      构词法:com-(共同)+ mon(服务)→ 公共的

      词性拓展:commonly (adv. 通常地)

      反义词:rare (adj. 稀有的)

      考点:common sense(常识);in common(共同);真题例句:It‘s common for teenagers to feel a little bit anxious before exams. (2022全国甲卷完形)

      1. rare/reə/ adj. 稀有的;罕见的;半熟的

      词性拓展:rarely (adv. 很少),rarity (n. 稀有)

      反义词:common (adj. 常见的)

      考点:rare species(稀有物种);rare opportunity(难得的机会)

      1. unique/juˈniːk/ adj. 独一无二的;独特的

      构词法:uni(单一)+ -que

      词性拓展:uniquely (adv. 独特地),uniqueness (n. 独特性)

      考点:be unique to(为…所独有);unique opportunity(独特的机会);真题例句:This creature is unique to the island, found nowhere else on earth. (2023新高考I卷阅读)

      1. similar/ˈsɪmələ/ adj. 相似的;类似的

      构词法:simil(相同)+ -ar

      词性拓展:similarly (adv. 相似地),similarity (n. 相似性)

      考点:be similar to(与…相似)

      1. different/ˈdɪfrənt/ adj. 不同的;差异的

      构词法:dif-(分开)+ fer(运送)+ -ent → 分开运送的 → 不同的

      词性拓展:difference (n. 差异),differently (adv. 不同地)

      反义词:same (adj. 相同的)

      考点:be different from(与…不同)

      1. various/ˈveəriəs/ adj. 各种各样的;多方面的

      构词法:var(y)(变化)+ -ious

      词性拓展:variously (adv. 不同地),variety (n. 多样化)

      考点:various kinds of(各种各样的);for various reasons(由于种种原因)

      1. multiple/ˈmʌltɪpl/ adj. 多个的;多重的 n. 倍数

      构词法:multi-(多)+ ple(折叠)→ 多次折叠的

      词性拓展:multiply (v. 乘;增加)

      考点:multiple choice(多项选择);multiple tasks(多项任务)

      1. single/ˈsɪŋɡl/ adj. 单一的;单个的;单身的

      构词法:sing(单一)+ -le

      词性拓展:singly (adv. 单个地),singular (adj. 单数的)

      反义词:multiple (adj. 多个的)

      考点:single room(单人房);single parent(单亲)

      1. double/ˈdʌbl/ adj. 双倍的;双重的;双人的 v. 加倍

      构词法:dou-(二)+ -ble

      词性拓展:doubly (adv. 加倍地)

      考点:double bed(双人床);double the amount(两倍的量)

      1. extra/ˈekstrə/ adj. 额外的;外加的 adv. 额外地

      构词法:ex-(外)+ tra(超出)→ 超出常规的

      词性拓展:extraordinary (adj. 非凡的)

      考点:extra work(额外工作);extra charge(额外费用)

      1. anxious/ˈæŋkʃəs/ adj. 焦虑的;渴望的

      构词法:anxi(焦虑)+ -ous

      词性拓展:anxiety (n. 焦虑),anxiously (adv. 焦虑地)

      考点:be anxious about(为…担忧);be anxious to do(渴望做);真题例句:She was anxious about her son’s safety during the storm. (2021全国乙卷完形)

      1. curious/ˈkjʊəriəs/ adj. 好奇的;奇怪的

      构词法:cur(关心)+ -ious → 关心的 → 好奇的

      词性拓展:curiosity (n. 好奇心),curiously (adv. 好奇地)

      考点:be curious about(对…好奇)

      1. confident/ˈkɒnfɪdənt/ adj. 自信的;确信的

      构词法:con-(加强)+ fid(信任)+ -ent

      词性拓展:confidence (n. 信心),confidently (adv. 自信地)

      考点:be confident of(对…有信心);be confident that…(确信…)

      1. frustrated/frʌˈstreɪtɪd/ adj. 感到挫败的;失意的

      构词法:frustrate(挫败)+ -ed(表被动)

      词性拓展:frustrating (adj. 令人沮丧的),frustration (n. 挫败)

      考点:be frustrated with(对…感到沮丧)

      1. impressive/ɪmˈpresɪv/ adj. 令人印象深刻的;感人的

      构词法:impress(给人印象)+ -ive

      词性拓展:impressively (adv. 令人难忘地),impression (n. 印象)

      考点:an impressive performance(令人印象深刻的表演)

      1. positive/ˈpɒzətɪv/ adj. 积极的;肯定的;正面的

      构词法:posit(放置)+ -ive → 放置好的 → 肯定的

      词性拓展:positively (adv. 肯定地),positivity (n. 积极性)

      反义词:negative (adj. 消极的)

      考点:positive attitude(积极态度);positive effect(积极影响)

      1. negative/ˈneɡətɪv/ adj. 消极的;负面的;否定的

      构词法:neg(否定)+ -ative

      词性拓展:negatively (adv. 消极地),negativity (n. 消极性)

      反义词:positive (adj. 积极的)

      考点:negative impact(负面影响);negative response(否定回答)

      1. sensitive/ˈsensətɪv/ adj. 敏感的;易受伤害的;灵敏的

      构词法:sens(感觉)+ -itive

      词性拓展:sensitivity (n. 敏感),insensitive (adj. 不敏感的)

    3. 考点:be sensitive to(对…敏感)

      1. generous/ˈdʒenərəs/ adj. 慷慨的;大方的;宽宏大量的

      构词法:gener(产生/种族)+ -ous → 丰富的 → 慷慨的

      词性拓展:generosity (n. 慷慨),generously (adv. 慷慨地)

      考点:be generous to(对…慷慨);be generous with(在某方面慷慨)

      1. reliable/rɪˈlaɪəbl/ adj. 可靠的;可信赖的

      构词法:rely(依赖)+ -able(能…的)→ 可依赖的

      词性拓展:reliability (n. 可靠性),unreliable (adj. 不可靠的)

      考点:reliable information(可靠信息);reliable friend(可靠的朋友)

  • 高中英语:语法知识点详细总结,适用于高中所有阶段

    高中英语语法知识点系统总结

    一、英语句子结构基础

    1.1 句子成分与词性对应

    英语句子的核心由八大成分构成,每种成分由特定词性担任:

    主语:句子的主体,通常由名词、代词、动名词或不定式充当

    • 名词:The book is interesting.
    • 动名词:Swimming keeps you healthy.
    • 不定式:To err is human.

    谓语:表示主语的动作或状态,由动词充当

    • 实义动词:She writes novels.
    • 连系动词:He is a teacher.
    • 助动词:They have finished the work.

    宾语:动作的承受者,可由多种词性充当

    • 直接宾语:I bought a computer.
    • 间接宾语:She gave me a gift.
    • 复合宾语:We elected him president.

    定语:修饰名词或代词,主要由形容词、分词、介词短语等充当

    • 形容词:a beautiful garden
    • 分词:the falling leaves(现在分词)
      the broken window(过去分词)
    • 介词短语:the book on the table

    状语:修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子

    • 时间状语:She arrived yesterday.
    • 地点状语:He works in Beijing.
    • 方式状语:They solved the problem easily.

    补语:补充说明主语或宾语

    • 主语补语:He was elected monitor.
    • 宾语补语:I found the book interesting.

    表语:位于系动词后说明主语

    • 名词:His father is a doctor.
    • 形容词:The weather became cold.

    同位语:解释说明前面的名词

    • My friend Tom will come tomorrow.

    1.2 五种基本句型

    掌握基本句型是分析复杂句子的前提:

    1. 主语 + 谓语 (SV)

    • Birds fly.
    • The sun rises.

    2. 主语 + 谓语 + 宾语 (SVO)

    • Students need knowledge.
    • She loves music.

    3. 主语 + 谓语 + 间接宾语 + 直接宾语 (SVOO)

    • My mother bought me a watch.
    • 注意:可改为”主语+谓语+直接宾语+to/for+间接宾语”
      My mother bought a watch for me.

    4. 主语 + 谓语 + 宾语 + 宾语补足语 (SVOC)

    • We call him Little Tiger.
    • They painted the wall white.

    5. 主语 + 系动词 + 表语 (SVP)

    • 常见系动词:
      • be动词:am, is, are, was, were
      • 感官动词:look, sound, smell, taste, feel
      • 变化类:become, get, grow, turn, go
      • 状态保持类:keep, stay, remain

    二、动词时态系统

    2.1 时态基本框架(以do为例)

    时间\状态
    一般
    进行
    完成
    完成进行
    现在
    do/does
    am/is/are doing
    have/has done
    have/has been doing
    过去
    did
    was/were doing
    had done
    had been doing
    将来
    will/shall do
    will be doing
    will have done
    will have been doing
    过去将来
    would do
    would be doing
    would have done
    would have been doing

    2.2 重点时态详解

    现在完成时 (Present Perfect)

    • 构成:have/has + 过去分词
    • 核心用法:
      1. 过去动作对现在的影响:I have lost my key.(现在没钥匙)
      2. 过去开始持续到现在的动作:He has lived here for 10 years.
      3. 过去经历:Have you ever been to Japan?
    • 时间状语标志词:already, yet, just, ever, never, since, for, recently, lately

    过去完成时 (Past Perfect)

    • 构成:had + 过去分词
    • 使用场景:
      1. “过去的过去”:When I arrived, the film had already started.
      2. 与by, before等连用:By the end of last year, we had learned 2000 words.
    • 注意事项:在before/after从句中,因时间关系明确,可用一般过去时代替过去完成时

    将来进行时 (Future Continuous)

    • 构成:will be + 现在分词
    • 特殊用法:表示已安排或预测要发生的动作
      This time tomorrow I’ll be flying to New York.

    2.3 时态呼应原则

    在宾语从句和间接引语中,时态需与主句保持一致:

    • 主句现在时,从句根据需要可用任何时态
      He says he is/was/will be a teacher.
    • 主句过去时,从句必须用相应的过去时态
      He said he was/had been/would be a teacher.
    • 例外情况:从句表达客观真理、格言时,保持一般现在时
      The teacher said the earth moves around the sun.

    三、被动语态全解

    3.1 构成方式

    be动词 + 过去分词(be动词体现时态、人称和数)

    3.2 各时态被动形式示例

    • 一般现在时:English is spoken widely.
    • 现在进行时:The road is being repaired.
    • 现在完成时:The work has been finished.
    • 一般过去时:The window was broken.
    • 过去进行时:The meal was being prepared.
    • 一般将来时:The meeting will be held.
    • 含情态动词:The problem must be solved.

    3.3 特殊结构的被动语态

    1. 双宾语动词:通常将间接宾语变为主语
      主动:He gave me a book.
      被动:I was given a book (by him). / A book was given to me (by him).
    2. 复合宾语:宾语补足语保留
      主动:We call him Tom.
      被动:He is called Tom.
    3. 短语动词:介词/副词不可省略
      主动:They laughed at him.
      被动:He was laughed at.
    4. 省略to的不定式作宾补,变被动时要加to
      主动:I saw him enter the room.
      被动:He was seen to enter the room.

    3.4 不能用被动语态的情况

    • 不及物动词(无宾语):happen, occur, rise, appear等
    • 连系动词:be, become, seem, feel等
    • 表示状态的及物动词:have, own, possess, suit, fit等
    • 某些动词短语:take place, lose heart, belong to等

    四、非谓语动词精析

    4.1 动词不定式 (Infinitive)

    基本形式:to do(否定:not to do)

    句法功能

    1. 主语:To see is to believe.
      (常用it作形式主语:It is important to learn English.)
    2. 宾语:want to do, decide to do, promise to do
    3. 宾补:ask sb. to do, allow sb. to do
    4. 定语:I have a lot of work to do.(与被修饰词有动宾关系)
    5. 状语:表目的、结果、原因
      He came to see me.(目的)
      I’m glad to hear that.(原因)

    特殊结构

    • too…to…:太…而不能…
      He is too young to go to school.
    • enough to…:足够…可以…
      He is old enough to go to school.
    • only to…:表示意外的结果
      He hurried to the station only to find the train had left.

    4.2 动名词 (Gerund)

    形式:动词-ing(否定:not doing)

    句法功能

    1. 主语:Swimming is good for health.
    2. 宾语:
      • 作动词宾语:enjoy doing, finish doing, avoid doing
      • 作介词宾语:be interested in doing, look forward to doing
    3. 表语:Her job is teaching.
    4. 定语:a swimming pool(表示用途)

    需接动名词的常见动词/短语

    • 建议冒险不推迟:suggest, advise, risk, delay, postpone
    • 考虑容忍盼原谅:consider, allow/permit, look forward to, excuse/pardon
    • 保持成功勤练习:keep, succeed in, practice
    • 避免错过求完成:avoid, miss, require, finish

    4.3 现在分词 (Present Participle) 与过去分词 (Past Participle)

    区别对照表

    方面
    现在分词
    过去分词
    语态意义
    主动
    被动/完成
    时间意义
    正在进行
    已经完成
    情感意义
    令人…的
    感到…的
    例句
    an interesting book(令人感兴趣的书)
    an interested reader(感到兴趣的读者)

    句法功能

    1. 定语:
      • 单个分词前置:a sleeping baby, a broken glass
      • 分词短语后置:The man standing there is my teacher.
    2. 状语(表时间、原因、条件、伴随等):
      • Seeing from the hill, we can see the whole city.(时间/条件)
      • Deeply moved, he thanked her again and again.(原因)
      • He sat at the window, reading a book.(伴随)
    3. 补语:
      • 感官动词后:I saw him crossing the street.
      • with复合结构:With the work done, he went home.

    独立主格结构:分词有自己的逻辑主语

    • Weather permitting, we’ll go hiking tomorrow.
    • He rushed into the room, his face covered with sweat.

    五、名词性从句系统

    5.1 四大名词性从句

    1. 主语从句
      • That he will come is certain.
      • It is certain that he will come.(更常用)
    2. 宾语从句
      • 动词后:I know (that) he is honest.(that可省略)
      • 介词后:It depends on whether he will come.(介词后不用if)
      • 形容词后:I’m sure (that) you will succeed.
    3. 表语从句
      • The fact is that he didn’t notice the car.
      • That is why I was late.
    4. 同位语从句
      • 对抽象名词进行解释:news, fact, idea, hope, belief等
      • The news that our team won is exciting.
      • 与定语从句的区别:同位语从句是解释内容,定语从句是修饰限定

    5.2 连接词选择

    • that:只起连接作用,无词义,在从句中不充当成分
    • whether/if:表示”是否”,在从句中不充当成分
      (注意:主语从句、表语从句、介词后的宾语从句用whether不用if)
    • 连接代词:who, whom, whose, which, what,有词义,在从句中充当成分
    • 连接副词:when, where, why, how,有词义,在从句中作状语

    5.3 语序与时态

    • 名词性从句一律用陈述语序:主语+谓语
      错误:I don’t know where is he.
      正确:I don’t know where he is.
    • 时态呼应(见第二章2.3节)

    六、定语从句深度解析

    6.1 关系词选择

    先行词
    在从句中作用
    关系词
    备注
    主语
    who/that
    宾语
    whom/who/that/省略
    口语中who可代whom
    定语
    whose
    = of whom
    主语/宾语
    which/that
    定语
    whose/of which
    whose也可修饰物
    时间
    状语
    when/介词+which
    the day when/on which
    地点
    状语
    where/介词+which
    the place where/in which
    原因
    状语
    why/for which
    the reason why/for which

    6.2 限制性 vs 非限制性定语从句

    方面
    限制性定语从句
    非限制性定语从句
    与先行词关系
    密切,不可删除
    松散,补充说明
    标点
    无逗号
    有逗号
    关系词
    可用that,可省略作宾语的关系词
    不可用that,不可省略关系词
    翻译
    “…的”
    常译为一个独立句子
    例句
    This is the book I bought.
    He has a daughter, who is a doctor.

    6.3 特殊注意事项

    1. 只能用that的情况
      • 序数词、最高级修饰先行词时:This is the best film that I’ve seen.
      • all, much, little, none等不定代词作先行词:All that can be done has been done.
      • 先行词同时包含人和物时:They talked about the persons and things that they remembered.
      • 主句以who/which开头时:Who is the man that is speaking?
    2. 只能用which的情况
      • 非限制性定语从句中:He bought a book, which cost him 50 yuan.
      • 介词后:This is the house in which he lived.
    3. “介词+关系代词”结构
      • 介词选择依据:从句中动词/形容词的固定搭配
        This is the house in which he lived.(live in)
      • 注意:固定短语中的介词一般不提前
        This is the child (whom) she will look after.(不说after whom)

    七、状语从句分类详解

    7.1 九种状语从句

    1. 时间状语从句
      • when:动作可同时或先后发生
      • while:强调动作同时持续进行,从句动词需延续性
      • as:”一边…一边”,强调伴随
      • 连接词:when, while, as, before, after, since, until/till, as soon as, the moment
      • when, while, as区别:
    2. 地点状语从句
      • 连接词:where, wherever
      • Where there is a will, there is a way.
    3. 原因状语从句
      • because:直接原因,语气最强,回答why
      • since/as:已知原因,语气较弱,”既然”
      • now that:”既然”,常与现在完成时连用
      • 连接词:because, since, as, now that
      • 区别:
    4. 目的状语从句
      • 连接词:so that, in order that, that
      • 常与情态动词can/could/may/might连用
      • He got up early so that he could catch the train.
    5. 结果状语从句
      • 连接词:so…that…, such…that…
      • 结构:
        so + adj./adv. + that…
        so + adj. + a/an + 单数名词 + that…
        such + (a/an) + (adj.) + 名词 + that…
    6. 条件状语从句
      • 连接词:if, unless, as/so long as, in case
      • “主将从现”原则:主句将来时,从句用现在时代替将来时
        If it rains tomorrow, we will stay at home.
    7. 让步状语从句
      • 连接词:though/although, even if/even though, no matter+疑问词, however+adj./adv.
      • 注意:though/although不可与but连用,但可与yet, still连用
    8. 方式状语从句
      • 连接词:as, as if/as though
      • Do as I do.
      • He talks as if he knew everything.(虚拟语气)
    9. 比较状语从句
      • 连接词:than, as…as…, not so/as…as…, the more…the more…
      • He works harder than I (do).
      • The more you read, the better you understand.

    7.2 状语从句的省略

    当从句主语与主句主语一致,且谓语包含be动词时,可省略主语和be动词:

    • When (he was) asked about his family, he said nothing.
    • If (it is) necessary, I’ll explain it again.

    八、虚拟语气核心规则

    8.1 条件句中的虚拟语气

    类型
    If从句谓语形式
    主句谓语形式
    与现在事实相反
    过去式 (be用were)
    would/should/could/might+do
    与过去事实相反
    had+过去分词
    would/should/could/might+have done
    与将来事实相反
    过去式/should do/were to do
    would/should/could/might+do

    例句

    • If I were you, I would accept the offer.(现在)
    • If he had taken my advice, he wouldn’t have failed.(过去)
    • If it should rain tomorrow, the match would be put off.(将来)

    倒装替代if:省略if,将were/had/should提前至句首

    • Were I you (= If I were you), I would go.
    • Had he come earlier (= If he had come earlier), he would have met her.

    8.2 其他从句中的虚拟语气

    1. wish后的宾语从句
      • 现在:过去式(be用were)
        I wish I were a bird.
      • 过去:had done 或 would/could have done
        I wish I had studied harder.
      • 将来:would/could/might+do
        I wish he would come.
    2. 表示建议、命令、要求等词语后的从句
      • 动词:suggest, insist, demand, order, require等
      • 名词:suggestion, proposal, demand, order等
      • 形容词:necessary, important, essential等
      • 从句谓语用:(should) + do
        He suggested that we (should) start early.
        It is important that he (should) be informed.
    3. as if/as though引导的从句
      • 与现在事实相反:过去式(be用were)
        He talks as if he knew everything.
      • 与过去事实相反:had done
        He looked as if he had seen a ghost.
    4. It’s (high) time that…
      • 从句用过去式或should+do
      • It’s time we went/should go to bed.

    九、主谓一致原则

    9.1 三大原则

    1. 语法一致原则:单数主语用单数动词,复数主语用复数动词
      • The boy is reading.
      • The boys are reading.
    2. 意义一致原则:根据主语表达的实际意义决定
      • The family are having dinner.(指家庭成员)
      • The family is a big one.(指家庭整体)
    3. 就近原则:谓语动词与最近的主语保持一致
      • Not only he but also I am wrong.
      • Either you or he has to go.

    9.2 特殊主语的处理

    1. 集合名词
      • 常作复数:people, police, cattle
      • 根据意义决定:family, team, class, government, audience, committee
    2. 数量词+名词
      • a number of + 复数名词:用复数
        A number of students are present.
      • the number of + 复数名词:用单数
        The number of students is increasing.
      • 分数/百分数+of+名词:根据名词单复数决定
        Three-fourths of the earth’s surface is sea.
        Two-thirds of the students are from China.
    3. 并列主语
      • and连接:通常用复数
        He and I are good friends.
      • each/every…and each/every…:用单数
        Each boy and each girl has a book.
      • or, nor, either…or…, neither…nor…, not only…but also…:就近原则
    4. 特殊结构
      • 动名词/不定式/从句作主语:用单数
        Reading aloud is helpful.
      • “many a + 单数名词”:用单数
        Many a student has made the mistake.
      • “more than one + 单数名词”:用单数
        More than one person was injured.

    十、倒装句与强调句

    10.1 完全倒装

    将整个谓语提到主语之前,条件:

    1. 地点副词/介词短语位于句首:Here comes the bus. / In front of the house stands a tree.
    2. 表语位于句首(尤形容词、分词):Present at the meeting were many scientists.
    3. such位于句首:Such were his words.

    10.2 部分倒装

    只将助动词/情态动词/be动词提到主语之前,条件:

    1. 否定词或短语位于句首:Never have I seen such a beautiful place.
      常见否定词:never, seldom, hardly, scarcely, little, not, not only, no sooner…than…
    2. “only+状语”位于句首:Only in this way can you learn English well.
    3. so/neither/nor表示”也/也不”:He can swim, so can I. / I haven’t been there, neither has he.
    4. 虚拟条件句省略if(见8.1节)
    5. as/though引导让步状语从句(表语/状语/动词提前):Child as he is, he knows a lot.

    10.3 强调句 (It is/was…that/who…)

    • 结构:It is/was + 被强调部分 + that/who + 句子其余部分
    • 强调主语(人用who/that,物用that):
      It was John who/that broke the window.
    • 强调宾语:
      It was the window that John broke.
    • 强调状语:
      It was yesterday that John broke the window.
    • 判断方法:去掉It is/was…that…,句子仍完整

    总结:英语语法是一个系统化的知识网络,各知识点相互关联。建议学习时:

    1. 建立整体框架,理解各部分联系
    2. 通过大量例句体会规则的实际应用
    3. 在阅读和写作中有意识地运用所学语法
    4. 定期复习,整理错题,分析原因

    语法是语言的骨架,但最终目的是为了更好地理解和表达。在掌握规则的基础上,大量接触真实语境中的英语,才能实现从”懂语法”到”用英语”的跨越。